论有限责任公司的承包经营

发布时间：2018-03-08 22:11

本文选题：有限责任公司　切入点：承包经营　出处：《华东政法大学》2007年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 在法院实习的过程中,笔者偶然在案例中发现了以有限责任公司为对象的承包经营合同,以及根据承包经营合同对有限责任公司进行的承包经营这一现象。承包经营责任制是我国国有企业改革中曾经广泛采用过的方式,但不久便被公司制所代替。面对以有限责任公司为对象的承包经营,笔者不禁感到疑问:第一、现在的有限责任公司承包经营与曾经的国有企业承包责任制有何不同?第二,为何实践中会出现这一现象?为了解答这两个问题,笔者遵循从现象到实质的研究方式,通过对具体的有限责任公司承包经营合同的分析,归纳出有限责任公司承包经营合同的全貌,进而阐述承包经营状态下有限责任公司的治理结构异化现象。在对现象予以全面清晰的描述后,据此从承包经营合同与公司治理结构这两个角度分析有限责任公司承包经营的本质。在将上述结论引为论据的基础上,笔者着手解答文首的两个问题,分析了有限责任公司承包经营与国有企业承包责任制本质上的区别,并指出实践中的有限责任公司承包经营现象的产生,是为了利用权责利合一的方式改变公司治理结构,以应对现代公司两权分离而导致的经营者“欺诈”、“偷懒”等代理问题。最后笔者认为,权责利合一的公司治理结构形式,将是解决公司代理问题的有效途径。导言部分,笔者简述了发现问题的过程,在回溯了国有企业承包经营责任制的兴衰之后,提出文章所欲解答的两个问题。第一章,系对有限责任公司承包经营合同的概述,主要通过合同内容,即权利义务方面,通过对四个实务上真实的有限责任公司承包经营合同进行分析来予以论述。完成对合同权利义务的概括后,在本章最后对学术上存在一定争议的有限责任公司承包经营合同的效力问题进行论述,肯定其效力,并且指出法院在司法实践中已经实际认可了这种合同的效力。第二章,在上文基础上讨论承包经营对有限责任公司治理结构的影响。第一节首先论述正常情况下的有限责任公司治理结构,指出这一法定的治理结构其特征在于分权制衡。第二节则通过与上文的比较,论述承包经营状态下有限责任公司治理结构的异化,指出各公司机关的经营权向承包人集中,经营者受托义务的约定化,以及监督权的合同化等现象。第三章在上文对现象予以描述的基础上,分析有限责任公司承包经营的本质。第一节以合同为角度,通过分析合同双方的对价关系来探讨公司承包合同的本质,得出结论为:承包人向发包人支付承包金、承担公司经营风险作为对价,从发包人处获得在一定期限内的公司利润获取权和公司经营权;发包人向承包人转让一定期限内公司利润获取权、授予该期限内的公司经营权作为对价,从承包人处获得承包金、并转移公司经营风险。第二节以公司治理结构为角度,通过对比古典企业形态,得出有限责任公司承包经营的本质,在于将公司的经营权、利润获得权、风险承担责任集中在承包人一人身上,从而实现公司权责利的统一。在上文结论的基础上,第四章用以回答文首的第一个问题,即将有限责任公司承包经营与企业承包经营责任制进行比较。第一节指出了两者的相似之处,即以合同为基础、以经营权的独立为条件、权责利向承包人的统一,从而显示两者之间一脉相承的关系。第二节则指出了两者区别,即合同的缔结上的意思自治与行政命令、经营权的独立性上的彻底与不完全、权责利统一上的主体与非主体,表明两者本质上存在着极大的差别,进而证明承包经营体制在改革中被认定失败,是由于不能解决国企的主体独立问题,不符合当时的改革需求,但并不意味着其作为一种治理结构模式的失败。在第五章中,笔者回答了第二个问题,即实践中出现有限责任公司承包经营现象的原因。有限责任公司具有两权分离的必要性,但两权分离造成的经营者和公司所有者利益不一致,又会引起代理问题,即经营者的“欺诈”和“偷懒”,损害所有者利益。代理问题导致有限责任公司中股东倾向于干预公司经营,从而与经营者的独立经营要求产生冲突。现有的法定治理结构不足以解决这一矛盾。而通过承包经营,经营者取得其所需求的独立经营权,同时公司权责利向经营者统一又会大大降低经营者“欺诈”和“偷懒”的可能性,缓解代理问题,最终使公司所有者的安全需求与公司经营者的自主需求之间的矛盾得到了较大程度的调和。这正是实践中自发出现这一现象的根本原因。最后,在结束语中,笔者分析了现有用以克服代理问题种种方法的弊端,指出对经营者激励与威慑并施,即权责利的统一,是有限公司承包经营带给公司治理结构的启示之所在,也应当是公司治理的发展方向。
[Abstract]:In the process of court practice, the author discovered the object in the case of accidental contracts for limited liability company and limited liability company according to the contract of the contract management of this phenomenon. The contract responsibility system is the reform of state-owned enterprises in China have been widely used in the way, but he was soon instead of company system. In the face of limited liability company as the contract object, I can not help but feel doubt: first, the limited liability company contracted with the former state-owned enterprise contract responsibility system? Second, why in the practice of this phenomenon? In order to answer these two questions, the author follows from phenomenon to study the essence of the way, based on the detailed analysis of the limited liability company contract, summed up the limited liability company contract and explanation of the picture of the contract The camp under the condition of limited liability company governance structure alienation. To be comprehensive and clear description of the phenomenon, according to analyze the nature of limited liability company contracted from the two angles of the governance structure of the contract with the company. In the above conclusion is cited as the argument on the basis of the author to the first two questions this paper and analyzes the differences between limited liability company contracted with the state-owned enterprise contract responsibility system in essence, and points out that the limited liability company contracted phenomenon in the practice, is to use the right one way to change the corporate governance structure, the operators of "separation of two rights to deal with the modern company as a result of fraud", "lazy" the agency problem. Finally the author believes that the responsibilities together in the form of corporate governance structure, will be an effective way to solve the agency problem.
In the introductory part, the author briefly describes the process of finding problems, and after tracing back to the rise and fall of the contractual management responsibility system of state-owned enterprises, puts forward two questions that the article wants to answer.
The first chapter is an overview of the contract limited liability company contract management, mainly through the contents of the contract, the rights and obligations, through the analysis of four real practice of the limited liability company contracts to be discussed. To fulfill the obligations of the contract rights summary, discussed in the final chapter of controversial academic the limited liability company, the validity of the contract, affirm its effectiveness, and pointed out that the court in the judicial practice has been recognized by the actual effectiveness of this contract.
The second chapter, effect of contract of limited liability company governance based on the above discussion. The first section discusses the governance structure under the normal condition of the limited liability company, points out the legal governance structure is characterized in that the separation of powers. The second section through the comparison with the above discussion, the alienation of the contracted management of State Governance Structure Co. Ltd, pointed out that the right to operate each organ of the company concentrated to the contractor, the operators of fiduciary duty agreement, contract and the phenomenon of supervision.
In the third chapter, based on the above described phenomenon, analyze the nature of limited liability company contracted. In the first section on the contract angle, through the analysis on the relationship between the two parties of the contract price of the company contract nature, the conclusion is: pay the contractor contracting fee to the employer, assume business risk as to the price the right of access to, and the company right from the employer to get within a certain period of profit of the company; the employer to the contractor transfer within a certain period of time the profit of the company to obtain the right to the term of the right to operate the company granted as a consideration, got the contract payments from the contractor, and the transfer of the business risk. The second section to the company governance structure perspective, by comparing the classical form of enterprise, the nature of limited liability company contract management, is the management right, the right of profit, risk responsibility in a contractor In order to achieve the unity of the power and responsibility of the company.
Based on the above conclusions, to answer the first question of the first fourth chapters, compared to the limited liability company and enterprise contract management responsibility system. The first section pointed out the similarities between the two, which is based on the contract, with the condition of operational independence, to facilitate unified responsibilities of the contractor thus, display the same relationship between the two. The second section points out the difference between the two, namely, autonomy and administrative order contract on the independence of the management right of the complete and incomplete responsibilities, the unity of subject and non subject, indicates that the fact there is a great difference, and that contract the operating system is that failure in the reform of state-owned enterprises, because can not solve the problem of independence, not in conformity with the requirements of the reform, but it does not mean that as a kind of governance failure.
In the fifth chapter, the author tries to answer the second questions, namely, the phenomenon of the contracted management of limited liability company in practice. The cause of the limited liability company has the necessity of two power separation, but the separation of two rights caused by the operator and owner of the company interests will cause agency problems, namely "fraud" and "operator lazy, damage the interests of the owner. The agency problem leads to shareholders of a limited liability company in the business to tend to intervene the company independent management, thus requirements and operator of the conflict. The legal structure of the existing governance is not enough to solve this contradiction. And through contract management, has the right to operate independently of the demand, at the same time, the possibility of responsibilities to the operators unified and will greatly reduce the operator" fraud "and" lazy ", to alleviate agency problems, and ultimately enable operators to security requirements and the owner of the company The contradiction between independent demands has been greatly reconciled. This is the fundamental reason for the spontaneous emergence of this phenomenon in practice.
Finally, in the conclusion, the author analyzes the drawbacks of the existing methods to overcome all sorts of agency problems, and points out that the incentive and deterrence is applied, which facilitate unified responsibilities, is limited to the contracted management of the corporate governance structure of the enlightenment, but also should be the direction of development of corporate governance theory.

【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：D912.29

【引证文献】