公司僵局的司法救济机制研究

发布时间：2018-03-14 18:24

本文选题：公司僵局　切入点：强制股权置换　出处：《甘肃政法学院》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：公司僵局是封闭型公司的困境之一,它的产生与持续对公司、股东、以及社会整体利益都会构成危害。本文以封闭型公司僵局及其司法救济机制为研究对象,比较、借鉴两大法系主要国家的立法规定和司法实践,提出了构建适合我国国情的、比较完善的司法治理机制的设想。除引言和结论外,本文主要由四章构成。第一章,公司僵局的基本原理。该章首先对公司僵局的成因进行了剖析。公司僵局的形成有其深刻的制度根源：封闭型公司的闭锁性、资本三原则的局限性、资本多数决原则的局限性等。接着,揭示了公司僵局的法律特征、分类,最后,指明公司僵局的产生和持续将对公司利益、股东利益甚至社会整体利益造成危害。第二章,公司僵局司法救济的理论基础。本章着重介绍了两大法系具有代表性的国家对公司僵局问题进行司法救济的理论基础,主要有股东期待利益落空理论、公司合同理论、股东间信义义务理论等。这些理论开阔了我国学者对此类问题的研究思路,具有重大的借鉴意义。第三章,比较法意义上公司僵局司法救济机制。本章首先对英美法系国家(以美国和英国为代表)和大陆法系国家(以德国和日本为代表)司法介入公司僵局的态度、股东请求法院解散公司的处理、僵局救济替代方式、对举证责任的要求等进行了阐述,接着进行了比较分析,最后从实体立法、程序制度等角度来分析我国公司僵局司法救济机制存在的问题。实体立法主要以现行《公司法》183条为切入点,程序制度着重以《公司法解释(二)》进行分析,指出现行《公司法》仅有第183条及其《公司法解释(二)》作出规定,且较为原则,存在着公司僵局的判断标准过于原则化,公司僵局法律治理途径单一,程序不明确等不足,司法解释虽然将公司僵局的判断标准和解散后的清算程序明确化,但仍有许多细节有待完善。第四章,完善我国公司僵局司法救济机制的构想。本章对我国公司僵局司法救济机制的现状,借鉴域外立法、司法的成熟经验,提出了完善我国公司僵局司法救济机制的具体设想：立法上,要完善现行的司法强制公司解散制度,适用强制股权收购制度,确立强制公司分立制度,借鉴英美的临时董事制度；在完善程序设计方面,主要有确立诉讼当事人、限制起诉条件、指明举证责任的分配等,同时指出,根据私法的意思自治原则,加强股东间的协议机制,积极预防公司僵局的产生。
[Abstract]:Corporate deadlock is one of the dilemmas of closed companies, its emergence and persistence will be harmful to the company, shareholders, and the overall interests of society. Based on the legislative provisions and judicial practice of the two major legal systems, this paper puts forward a tentative plan of constructing a relatively perfect judicial governance mechanism suitable for the national conditions of our country. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this paper mainly consists of four chapters. The first chapter, the basic principles of corporate deadlock. Firstly, this chapter analyzes the causes of corporate deadlock. The formation of corporate deadlock has its profound institutional root: the closeness of closed companies, the limitations of the three principles of capital. Then, it reveals the legal characteristics and classification of corporate deadlock. Finally, it points out that the emergence and continuation of corporate deadlock will cause harm to the interests of the company, shareholders and even the whole society. Chapter two, the theoretical basis of the judicial remedy of corporate deadlock. This chapter focuses on the theoretical basis of judicial relief to the corporate deadlock in the representative countries of the two legal systems, mainly the theory of the failure of shareholders' expected interests. The theory of company contract and the theory of fiduciary obligation among shareholders have broadened the research ideas of Chinese scholars and have great significance for reference. Chapter three, the judicial remedy mechanism of corporate deadlock in the sense of comparative law. Firstly, the attitude of judicial intervention in corporate deadlock between common law countries (represented by the United States and Britain) and civil law countries (represented by Germany and Japan). The shareholders' request to the court to dissolve the company, the alternative ways of relief to the deadlock, the requirements of the burden of proof and so on are expounded, and then the comparative analysis is carried out, and finally, from the substantive legislation, This paper analyzes the problems existing in the judicial relief mechanism of the corporate deadlock in China from the point of view of procedural system. The substantive legislation is mainly based on Article 183 of the current Company Law, and the procedural system is mainly analyzed with the interpretation of Company Law (2) >. It is pointed out that only Article 183 and its interpretation of Company Law (2) are stipulated in the present Company Law, and it is more principled that the judgment standard of corporate deadlock is too principled, the way of legal governance of corporate deadlock is single, the procedure is not clear and so on. Although the judicial explanation clarifies the judgment criteria of the company deadlock and the liquidation procedure after dissolution, there are still many details to be perfected. Chapter 4th, the conception of perfecting the judicial remedy mechanism of corporate deadlock in our country. This chapter draws lessons from the mature experience of foreign legislation and judicature on the present situation of judicial remedy mechanism of corporate deadlock in our country. This paper puts forward the concrete ideas of perfecting the judicial relief mechanism of the company deadlock in our country: in legislation, we should perfect the current judicial compulsory company dissolution system, apply the compulsory stock purchase system, and establish the compulsory company separation system. Drawing lessons from the system of temporary directors in Britain and the United States, in perfecting the procedure design, it mainly includes establishing litigant, restricting the condition of suing, pointing out the distribution of burden of proof and so on. At the same time, it points out that according to the principle of autonomy of will of private law, Strengthen the agreement mechanism between shareholders, actively prevent the emergence of corporate deadlock.
【学位授予单位】：甘肃政法学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.291.91

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