论有限责任公司隐名股东的法律地位和权利保护

发布时间：2018-04-03 14:44

本文选题：隐名股东　切入点：显明股东　出处：《中国政法大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：改革开放三十年,社会主义市场经济体制逐步确立,社会财富不断积累,个人和单位对各种领域的投资活动也表现的越来越热情高涨,因此出现了各种各样的投资形式和投资手段。部分投资者基于各种原因,在投资活动中特别是在投资有限责任公司的过程中,在公司必要的股东名册和公司在行政机关的工商登记中没有显示自己的姓名,而是以他人的名义作为登记股东,自己作为实际的出资人,这就是本文所说的隐名股东,登记在股东名册和工商登记机关的股东为显明股东。对于隐名股东的问题,《公司法》并没有明文禁止,但是由于对隐名股东制度没有明确的法律规范规制,导致在现实生活中隐名股东与显明股东、有限责任公司、善意第三人之间产生了诸多的法律纠纷。由于没有法律明文规定,也没有切实可行的司法解释,各地方法院对隐名股东与上述利害关系人之间的纠纷判决依据不统一,从而削弱了法院判决的权威性。本文拟在分析隐名股东法理学基础和各地司法意见的基础上,对隐名股东制度的相关问题进行探讨,并提出立法建议,希望能够对隐名股东的立法起到一定的作用。论文共分三个部分。第一部分对隐名股东的成因、特征和类型进行了法理学分析。首先,论文分析了隐名股东的成因。因为隐名股东的成因分为规避法律和非规避法律两种,对于规避法律而成立的隐名投资和隐名股东属于合同法规定的规避法律的强制性规定的行为,因此而形成的隐名股东和显明股东之间的合同属于无效合同,因此在本文中所指的隐名股东是合法的隐名股东。其次,学界对隐名股东的概念和特征并没有统一的界定。在这一部分中,笔者首先列举了学界对隐名股东的各种定义,然后在学界各种理论的基础上,分析隐名股东应当具有的各种特征。再次,对隐名股东的分类进行阐述,为以后的文章做铺垫。最后,分析隐名投资者为股东是否适当和股东资格的认定标准以及股东资格认定的三种标准。论文第二部分讨论的是隐名股东资格的具体认定问题。首先,针对股东资格认定的三种标准形成了隐名股东资格认定的三种不同的观点,即“肯定说”“否定说”和“折中说”。“肯定说”和“否定说”在隐名股东资格认定上分别坚持绝对的“实际出资说”“形式说”,在认定隐名股东的资格问题上都过于绝对,没有考虑到隐名股东的资格确定在股东内部关系和对外关系上的不同,因此都不可取,所以学术界一般都倾向于第三种观点即“折中说”,也就是说在认定隐名股东资格问题上坚持“内外有别的双重原则。” 其次,隐名股东资格在不同的纠纷中有不同的认定标准,因此在该部分笔者分三种情况,即隐名股东与显明股东之间发生纠纷、隐名股东与公司之间发生纠纷、隐名股东和善意第三人之间发生纠纷进行了综合的论述,在每种情况下又细分为各种具体情况,并进行详细阐述和分析。论文第三部分主要论述隐名股东的权利保护。该部分首先从实证法的角度阐述了现有规范性法律文件和非规范性法律文件对隐名股东权利保护的现状,指出现有法律在保护隐名股东权利方面的不足。在对最高人民法院《关于审理公司纠纷案件若干问题的规定(一)征求意见稿》的相关规定进行分析的同时,也对上海市和江苏省高院发布的关于隐名股东的相关司法文件进行了探讨。其次是阐述隐名股东权利保护的方式。在是否通过法律来确认隐名股东制度产生了两种观点,即立法确认和不予确认。通过对两种观点理论基础的阐述。我觉得应当不予立法确认。最后,文章说明虽然对隐名股东制度不予立法确认,但是并不是对现存的纠纷不予理会,为解决纠纷,法律也必须要做一些调整。同时文章还论述了解决纠纷的其他途径和措施。希望通过本文的论述能够使大家对隐名股东的相关内容有了明确的认识。对隐名股东纠纷的解决起到一定的推动作用。
[Abstract]:In the past 30 years since the reform and opening - up , the socialist market economic system has gradually been established , and the accumulation of social wealth , the individual and unit ' s investment activities in various fields has been increasing more and more , so there are various kinds of investment forms and investment methods .

The thesis is divided into three parts .

The first part makes a jurisprudence analysis of the causes , characteristics and types of the hidden shareholders . First , the paper analyzes the causes of the invisible shareholders . Because the origin of the invisible shareholders is divided into two kinds of avoidance laws and non - avoidance laws , the hidden investment and the hidden shareholder formed by the avoidance of the law belong to the compulsory provisions of the law of avoidance under the contract law . Therefore , the contract between the invisible shareholders and the developing shareholders is an invalid contract , so the hidden shareholder referred to herein is a legal hidden shareholder .

Secondly , there is no uniform definition of the concept and characteristics of the anonymous shareholders in the academic circle . In this part , the author first lists the various definitions of the anonymous shareholders , then , on the basis of the various theories in the academic circle , the author analyzes the various characteristics that the invisible shareholders should have .

Thirdly , the classification of the invisible shareholders is explained , and the future articles are laid down .

At last , the author analyzes whether the right and shareholder qualification criteria and the qualification of shareholders are the three criteria for the shareholder ' s qualification . The second part of the paper discusses the specific recognition of the qualification of the anonymous shareholder .

First of all , three different opinions are formed for the qualification of the shareholders , namely , " yes " and " negative " . " Yes , " and " negative theory " , respectively , insist on absolute " actual capital contribution " in the qualification of the anonymous shareholders . " It is not advisable to take into account that the qualification of the anonymous shareholder is different , so the academic community generally prefers the third point of view , " compromise " , that is , to insist on the dual principle of " internal affairs " on the issue of the qualification of the hidden shareholder . Microsoft.TeamFoundation . Modeling.dll

Secondly , there are different cognizance standards in different disputes , so there are three situations in this part : the dispute between the hidden shareholder and the developing shareholder , the dispute between the secret shareholder and the company , the dispute between the secret shareholder and the third party of good faith , in each case , it is divided into various situations , and the detailed description and analysis are carried out .

The third part of the paper mainly deals with the protection of the rights of anonymous shareholders .

At the same time , the article probes into the relevant judicial documents issued by Shanghai and Jiangsu Provincial High Court concerning the hidden shareholders .

Secondly , it expounds the way to protect the rights of the secret shareholders . Whether the law is adopted to confirm the existence of the hidden shareholder system produces two opinions , namely , the legislative confirmation and the non - confirmation . I think that the legislative confirmation should be rejected .

Finally , the article shows that , although it is not confirmed by legislation on the hidden shareholder system , it is not to ignore the existing disputes . In order to resolve the dispute , the law must also make some adjustments . At the same time , the article also discusses other ways and measures to resolve the dispute .

It is hoped that through the discussion of this article , we can make clear understanding of the relevant content of the hidden shareholder . The solution of the dispute of the hidden shareholder will play a certain role .

【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.291.91

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