“外部人反向刺破”的适用问题研究

发布时间：2018-04-11 16:07

本文选题：外部人反向刺破 + 适用条件　；参考：《西南政法大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：2005年《公司法》的颁布,标志着理论界呼唤多年的公司法人人格否认制度最终由理论探讨变成了现实法律规定。转眼间,10年过去了,10年之间,该制度不管是对我国经济的发展还是对社会资源的配置都起到了不可替代的推动作用。并且我们也有理由相信,其贡献必将随着市场经济的不断深入发展而日益卓著;10年之间,我国的经济以及社会形势也发生了巨大的变化,我们忧心地看到《公司法》中对该制度的规定在应对这些变化方面已显得力不从心。比如,在我国的司法实践中出现的公司股东滥用其有限责任,将个人的财产无偿或低价转让给公司,从而达到逃避债务的目的;以及母公司对子公司过度控制,导致二者在资金、人事、管理等方面混淆不清,最终母公司对外欠债且无力偿还的情形等等。基于这种现有法律规定与司法实践相脱节的状况,笔者遂以“外部人反向刺破”为本文研究的重点,以期通过对典型案例的分析,从而有助于此类新型案件的解决。本文除引言和结语外,主要有四个部分构成:第一部分:简要介绍案情以及由案件焦点。本文所选案例的被告正是一对母子公司,但在经营管理中,由于母公司对子公司的过度控制,导致子公司沦为母公司的另一个自我,最终母公司无力偿还所欠合同债务,债权人请求将母子公司视为一体,要求子公司对相关债务承担连带责任的情形。此案虽然最终经二审法院调解结案,但是在案件处理过程中尤其是一审过程中所出现的一些法律问题却值得人们深思,总结起来有三个方面:其一,本案能否适用“外部人反向刺破”,如果能,依据何在;其二,“外部人反向刺破”的适用条件有哪些;其三,本案中的宝力通信公司是否需要承担责任,需承担何种责任。第二部分:对由案件引发的三个焦点问题进行分析。首先,从法理、现有法律规定、现有法律制度的不足以及司法实践的需要四个方面论述本案不但能够适用“外部人反向刺破”,而且适用该制度是解决本案的最佳方法。其次,从主体、行为、主观、结果四个方面分析了本案适用“外部人反向刺破”需满足的条件。最后,对本案适用“外部人反向刺破”之后,作为子公司的宝力通信科技公司应承担何种责任做了一些探讨。第三部分:跳出案例,回归论题本身。笔者在这一部分主要总结了影响“外部人反向刺破”在我国适用的三个因素,分别为:理论研究的匮乏、法律规定的欠缺以及司法人员专业素养有待提高。第四部分:针对既存问题,提出相应的解决对策。针对阻碍“外部人反向刺破”在我国适用的三个因素,笔者提出的对策分别为:多管齐下,完善法律规定;多措并举,丰富理论研究;多路并进,确保司法公正。
[Abstract]:The promulgation of Company Law in 2005 marks that the system of denying corporate personality which has been called for many years by the theorists has finally changed from a theoretical discussion to a practical legal regulation.In a twinkling of an eye, ten years have passed, and the system has played an irreplaceable role in promoting the economic development of our country as well as the allocation of social resources.And we also have reason to believe that its contribution will grow with the deepening development of the market economy, and that in 10 years, the economic and social situation of our country has also undergone tremendous changes.We are worried to see that the provisions of the Company Law have been unable to cope with these changes.For example, in the judicial practice of our country, the shareholders of the company abuse their limited liability to transfer their personal property to the company free of charge or at a low price, so as to achieve the purpose of evading debts; and the parent company overcontrols its subsidiaries.It leads to the confusion of capital, personnel and management, and the final situation that the parent company is in debt and unable to repay it.Based on the disconnection between the existing legal regulations and the judicial practice, the author focuses on "the reverse pricking of the outside person" as the focus of this paper, in order to help solve the new type of cases through the analysis of the typical cases.In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this paper consists of four parts: the first part: a brief introduction of the case and the focus of the case.The defendant of the case selected in this paper is a parent subsidiary, but in the management, the parent company becomes another self of the parent company because of the excessive control of the subsidiary company, and the parent company is unable to repay the contractual debt.The creditor requests that the parent subsidiary be regarded as an integral whole and that the subsidiary be jointly and severally liable for the related debt.Although the case was finally settled through mediation by the court of second instance, some legal problems that arose in the course of handling the case, especially in the process of first instance, are worth pondering over. In conclusion, there are three aspects: first,Whether the case can be applied to "external reverse piercing", if so, what is the basis; second, what are the applicable conditions of "external reverse piercing"; third, whether or not the Baolit Communications Company in this case should bear the responsibility and what kind of responsibility.The second part: the analysis of the three focus problems caused by the case.First of all, from the legal theory, the present law stipulation, the present legal system insufficiency and the judicial practice need four aspects to discuss the case not only can apply "the outside person reverse piercing", but also the application of this system is the best way to solve the case.Secondly, from the subject, behavior, subjective, the results of the four aspects of the case applicable to the "external person reverse piercing" need to meet the conditions.Finally, after the application of "the reverse piercing by outsiders" in this case, the liability of Baolit Communications Technology Company, as a subsidiary, is discussed.The third part: jump out of the case, return to the topic itself.In this part, the author summarizes the three factors that affect the application of "external reverse puncture" in our country, namely, the lack of theoretical research, the lack of legal provisions and the need to improve the professional quality of judicial personnel.The fourth part: in view of the existing problems, put forward the corresponding solutions.In view of the three factors that hinder the application of "external person reverse puncture" in our country, the author puts forward the countermeasures as follows: multi-pronged approach, perfect legal regulation, multi-measures and simultaneous development, enrich theoretical research, multi-way simultaneous advance, ensure judicial justice.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D922.291.91

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