关联交易下小股东权利保护与公司内部治理

发布时间：2018-04-22 00:27

本文选题：股东权利 + 关联交易　；参考：《南京大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：关联交易作为一种正当的交易方式,它是实现降低谈判成本、减少交易风险、实现利益均衡的一个有效途径。但是,如果出现非公允化倾向,关联交易就会产生极其负面的效果。它不仅会导致相互独立的主体之间的双方交易演变成控制者之自我交易,还会导致全体股东包括小股东一起做出交易之决定受控于少数股东。在这些负面效果中,广大小股东则由于其弱势的地位和不足的维权意识,在这些控股股东放肆的行为中陷入了有权无法行使、有利不能追求、有苦不能倾诉的局面。小股东权利是指小股东作为公司股东所应该享有的正当利益。这种对于正当利益的追求客观上促成了公司的产生、发展与壮大。从整体上来说,一个公司的存在既离不开大股东的主导,也离不开小股东的参与。大股东主导制定经营策略,小股东为其积极呐喊,这本身就是一个极其和谐的安排。然而在现实中却并非如此,尽管股东权利股东平等享有,但对于大股东和小股东而言,股权行使的程度和遭受侵犯时的救济状况却有着截然的差别。对于大股东而言,他们对于公司的事务有着基本决策与导向的权利,所以在公司中,他们的权利相对于与小股东而言遭受的侵犯极其少见。但是对于小股东而言,其权利遭受公司大股东的侵犯的状况有愈发频繁之势。小股东权利保护的内涵就是国家、政府和法律不仅要从形式上为小股东加入公司和退出公司提供制度上的自由和便利,更要从实质上通过完善公司内部治理和外部治理,确保其在作为股东的期间权利能够充分实现,在其权利被侵犯的时候能够得到充分的弥补。前者是权利保护形式意义上的内容,后者则是权利保护实质意义上体现。在公司发展的初期,形式意义上的权利保护是很重要的,当今公司股东的加入与退出机制也是形成于那个时期。但是随着社会进一步发展,到今天形式意义上的股权保护已经不能满足实践的需要,人们的眼光跟多地放在了其实质意义之上。我国的关于小股东权利保护的规定对于我国小股东权利保护起着很大的作用。但是,一方面我国《公司法》的出台相对于欧美国家来说较晚,许多规定都是照搬照抄的,其并不完全适合我国的公司内部治理现状,另一方面这些规定在我国公司治理中的实践执行也有很大的不足,这其中比如：股东诚信义务的规范对象过于泛化；累积投票制度亟待修正；表决权制度也有待重新架构等等。优化公司之内部治理制度,通过在公司治理中不断引入和借鉴各种优秀的治理模式,采纳各种行之有效的规则是对小股东进行保护的核心的途径。
[Abstract]:As a proper way of transaction, affiliated transaction is an effective way to reduce negotiation cost, reduce transaction risk and achieve balance of interests. However, if there is an unfair tendency, related party transactions will have extremely negative effects. It not only leads to the development of the transaction between independent subjects into the self-dealing of the controller, but also leads to the decision of all shareholders, including minority shareholders, to make the transaction together under the control of minority shareholders. In these negative effects, the majority of minority shareholders because of their weak position and lack of awareness of rights, in these unbridled behavior of the controlling shareholders into the exercise of the right to not be able to pursue, there are difficulties can not be confided in the situation. The rights of minority shareholders refer to the legitimate interests that minority shareholders should enjoy as shareholders of the company. This pursuit of legitimate interests objectively contributed to the emergence, development and growth of the company. On the whole, the existence of a company can not be separated from the leading of major shareholders, but also from the participation of minority shareholders. It is an extremely harmonious arrangement for the major shareholders to make the management strategy and the minority shareholders to shout for it. However, this is not the case in reality. Although shareholders enjoy equal rights, there are diametrical differences between large shareholders and minority shareholders in terms of the degree of equity exercise and the relief situation when they are infringed. For large shareholders, they have the basic right to make decisions and guide the affairs of the company, so in the company, the infringement of their rights is extremely rare compared with that of the minority shareholders. But for minority shareholders, their rights are infringed by large shareholders more and more frequently. The connotation of the protection of minority shareholders' rights is the country. The government and law should not only provide the freedom and convenience in system for minority shareholders to join and withdraw from the company in form, but also improve the internal and external governance of the company in essence. To ensure that their rights are fully realized during their time as shareholders and fully compensated when their rights are violated. The former is the content in the form of the protection of rights, while the latter is embodied in the essence of the protection of rights. In the early stage of the development of the company, the formal protection of rights is very important, and the mechanism of joining and withdrawing the shareholders is also formed in that period. However, with the further development of the society, the formal protection of equity has not been able to meet the needs of practice. The provisions on the protection of minority shareholders' rights in China play a great role in protecting the rights of minority shareholders. However, on the one hand, the introduction of the Company Law in our country is relatively late compared with the European and American countries, and many provisions are copied, which is not completely suitable for the present situation of the internal governance of the company in our country. On the other hand, the implementation of these provisions in the practice of corporate governance in our country also has a lot of deficiencies, such as: the normative object of shareholders' good faith obligation is too broad; the cumulative voting system needs to be amended urgently; the voting system also needs to be re-structured and so on. The core way to protect minority shareholders is to optimize the internal governance system of the company, introduce and use for reference various excellent governance models in the corporate governance, and adopt various effective rules.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D922.291.91

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