论有限公司强制清算不能时中小股东权利的救济

发布时间：2018-05-18 02:00

本文选题：清算不能 + 中小股东权利救济　；参考：《云南大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：有限公司特有的组织形式及特征,在我国中国特色社会主义市场经济中占据重要位置,是我国目前现存企业的主要类型。有限公司在参与市场经济活动时,在设立时不仅要严格遵循市场的准入规则,退出时更需要符合法定的退出机制。公司强制清算程序作为市场主体退出机制的手段之一,是建立在司法非诉程序的基础上,由清算义务人主导,清算组清理核算,人民法院监督的完整过程,全面了结公司与债权人、公司与债务人、公司与股东三者之间的权利义务,最终消灭公司法人主体的重要途径。但有限公司在进入清算程序后出现因控股股东原因导致公司账册、重要文件或主要财产毁损灭失,或是公司相关责任人员下落不明的情况下,势必在客观上致使公司财产、公司经营活动的无法查证,清算程序无法继续,此时不仅侵害了债权人的债权受偿权,同样也侵害了不掌控公司经营的中小股东的剩余财产分配权,如何对中小股东期待可得的剩余财产分配权进行救济,是公司法律制度平衡各方利益诉求,充分保障各方权利所面临的问题。从我国目前的公司法律制度立法层面看,《公司法》及《公司法司法解释二》保护的侧重点在于债权人,《公司法司法解释二》在第十八条①规定了清算不能时债权人的权利救济,但对股东的权利保障却未曾涉及；从司法实践性文件来看,最高法院出台的《关于审理公司强制清算案件工作座谈会纪要》(以下简称《清算纪要》),其中第二十九条对股东申请强制清算的救济途径作出了规定,在司法层面对股东权利的保护途径向前迈进了至关重要的一步,但该条款的规定仅是在股东权利救济的宏观原则下作出了概括性的规则,却未对中小股东主张权利的具体诉讼程序和享有的权利依据进行明确,这样的规定无疑带来了法律上的空白和操作的不确定,给部分市场主体利用规则的漏洞逃避责任,造成了当前司法实践中清算不能的案例屡屡出现,频频损害中小股东权利的客观现实状况。本文着眼于公司强制清算案件司法审判实践中中小股东权益保护存在问题,结合当前我国权益保护的客观现实情况,对中小股东权益保护的必要性、权益保护的法理依据、权益保护的权利性质、权益实现的途径及具体司法程序进行分析阐述,并对完善我国公司强制清算法律体系,充分救济中小股东权利提出了建议与思考。
[Abstract]:The unique organizational form and characteristics of limited companies occupy an important position in the socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics and are the main types of existing enterprises in our country. When a limited company participates in market economy, it should not only strictly abide by the rules of market access, but also comply with the legal withdrawal mechanism when it is established. The compulsory liquidation procedure of a company, as one of the means of the withdrawal mechanism of the market subject, is a complete process based on the judicial non-litigation procedure, led by the liquidation obligor, cleared up by the liquidation group and supervised by the people's court, The rights and obligations between the company and the creditors, between the company and the debtor, between the company and the shareholders are fully settled, and the important way to eliminate the main body of the company as a legal person is finally eliminated. However, in the event that a limited company enters liquidation proceedings, if the account book, important documents or main property of the company are destroyed or lost due to the controlling shareholder's reasons, or if the whereabouts of the company's related responsible personnel are unknown, the company's property will inevitably be caused objectively. The inability to verify the business activities of the company and the inability to continue the liquidation procedure not only infringe upon the creditor's right to be repaid, but also infringe on the right to distribute the remaining property of the minority shareholders who do not control the operation of the company. How to remedy the right of distribution of surplus property, which is expected by minority shareholders, is a problem faced by the company's legal system in balancing the interests of all parties and fully safeguarding the rights of all parties. In view of the current legislation of the company law system in China, the protection of the Company Law and the interpretation of the Company Law is focused on the creditors. In Article 18 (1), the creditor's right relief is stipulated in Article 18 (1). However, the protection of shareholders' rights has not been involved. The Summary of the Symposium on the trial of cases of compulsory liquidation of companies issued by the Supreme Court (hereinafter referred to as the minutes of liquidation), Article 29 of which provides for a remedy for shareholders to apply for compulsory liquidation. At the judicial level, the protection of shareholders' rights is a crucial step forward, but the provisions of this article are only general rules under the macro principle of shareholders' rights relief. However, the specific litigation procedure and the basis of the rights enjoyed by the minority shareholders are not clear, which undoubtedly brings the legal blank and the uncertainty of the operation, and gives some market subjects to use the loopholes of the rules to evade the responsibility. As a result of the current judicial practice, the cases that can not be liquidated frequently appear, and frequently damage the rights of small and medium shareholders objective reality. This paper focuses on the problems existing in the judicial trial practice of the company's compulsory liquidation cases, combining with the objective reality of the protection of the rights and interests of the minority shareholders in China, the necessity of the protection of the rights and interests of the minority shareholders and the legal basis for the protection of the rights and interests of the minority shareholders. The nature of the rights and interests protection, the ways to realize the rights and interests and the concrete judicial procedure are analyzed and expounded, and some suggestions and thoughts are put forward to perfect the legal system of the compulsory liquidation of the company in our country and to fully remedy the rights of the minority shareholders.
【学位授予单位】：云南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D922.291.91

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