公司僵局及司法解散制度的若干问题研究

发布时间：2019-04-23 18:45

【摘要】：有限责任公司虽然具有一定的资合性,但是更具有人合性。为了尊重股东的个人意志,保护股东特别是中小股东的合法利益,有必要建立有限责任公司股东退出机制,避免在人合性丧失的情况下公司僵局带来的无谓的内耗,损害公司、股东和其他利益相关者利益。我国新《公司法》增强了法的可诉性,大大拓展了司法介入公司运作的空间,赋予股东申请解散公司的权利,为股东解决公司僵局提供了司法解散救济途径,结束了僵局状态下股东诉请无门的“旧时代”。但过于原则化的规定,容易引起理解差异和裁判尺度的不确定性,导致在审判实践中做法不一,在一定的程度上影响了司法的严肃性和统一性,也不利于法律预测、指引作用的发挥。《公司法司法解释二》的出台一定程度上细化了公司僵局的常见情形、相应的诉讼制度和清算程序等制度性安排,但面对复杂的司法实践,仍有其不足之处。目前,英美法系国家对于公司僵局问题的理论研究和实务判例较为先进,在探索打破、化解僵局的具体探索中,创立了较为全面的制度安排,我国立法对此借鉴不足。鉴于僵局形成的原因、表现方式和类型的不同特点,有必要对国内外理论研究的先进成果进行比对研究,以便有针对性的完善我国立法和司法实践。本文以公司股东通过公司解散机制退出公司为视角,探讨公司因公司僵局而司法解散的相关法律问题及其不足和完善。本文共分为四章,第一章在比较国外先进立法基础上,着重介绍了公司僵局的含义、形成原因、类型和表现、公司僵局的危害性以及我国立法中已有的有助于化解矛盾、预防僵局的一些制度安排。第二章研究了在公司僵局情形下司法解散制度的相关理论问题,着重研究了其理论依据,从其制度价值和理论依托出发,论证了公司僵局情形下,司法解散公司的必要性、科学性,也为识别和扩大有必要纳入公司司法解散制度保护的僵局类型寻找理论依据。第三章着重研究公司僵局情形下公司司法解散制度在立法和司法实践上的理论争议以及我国的立法选择,分析了公司僵局情形下司法解散公司诉讼的审理原则和司法裁判的法律效力等问题。第四章结合本文第二章中关于公司司法解散的理论依据,以司法解散公司制度的目的价值为视角,参考司法实践中常见纠纷,分析了我国目前关于公司僵局制度的不足和司法解散公司诉讼中缺乏可操作性的若干问题,提出了若干扩大司法解散公司适用情形的建议,并提出为了加强对中小股东的保护,适度扩大司法解散公司的适用情形,强化司法解散公司制度的法律指引作用,以避免僵局的产生,在公司僵局和司法解散公司之间扩展缓冲、变通的空间,在股东利益、社会利益和公司存续性之间尽可能的寻找兼顾各方的平衡点。
[Abstract]:Although the limited liability company has a certain degree of capital, but it is more human. In order to respect the individual will of shareholders and protect the legitimate interests of shareholders, especially small and medium shareholders, it is necessary to establish a shareholder withdrawal mechanism of limited liability companies to avoid unnecessary internal friction brought about by company stalemate in the case of loss of humanity and damage to the company. The interests of shareholders and other stakeholders. The new Company Law of our country has enhanced the actionable nature of the law, greatly expanded the space of judicial intervention in the operation of the company, endowed shareholders with the right to apply for dissolution of the company, and provided a way for shareholders to resolve the stalemate of the company through judicial dissolution. Put an end to the stalemate of shareholders pleading for the "old era" without a door. However, too principled provisions can easily lead to the uncertainty of understanding differences and adjudication standards, leading to different practices in trial practice, which to a certain extent affects the seriousness and unity of the judiciary, and is not conducive to the prediction of the law. To a certain extent, the introduction of interpretation II of the Company Law has refined the common situation of corporate impasse, the corresponding litigation system and liquidation procedure and other institutional arrangements, but in the face of complex judicial practice, there are still some shortcomings. At present, the Anglo-American law system countries have advanced in the theoretical research and practical jurisprudence on the problem of corporate impasse. In the exploration of breaking the impasse and resolving the impasse, a more comprehensive institutional arrangement has been established, which is not enough for our legislation to draw lessons from. It is necessary to compare and study the advanced achievements of theoretical research both at home and abroad in order to improve the legislation and judicial practice of our country pertinently in view of the reasons for the formation of impasse, the different forms of expression and the different characteristics of the types of impasse. From the angle of the company shareholders withdrawing from the company through the mechanism of company dissolution, this paper discusses the related legal problems of the judicial dissolution of the company due to the impasse of the company and its deficiency and perfection. This paper is divided into four chapters. Based on the comparison of foreign advanced legislation, the first chapter introduces the meaning, causes, types and manifestations of corporate impasse, and the harmfulness of corporate impasse, as well as the existing legislation in our country to help resolve conflicts. Some institutional arrangements to prevent stalemate. The second chapter studies the related theoretical issues of the judicial dissolution system under the corporate impasse, focuses on its theoretical basis, and demonstrates the necessity of judicial dissolution of the company under the corporate impasse, starting from its institutional value and theoretical support. Scientific, but also to identify and expand the need to include the corporate judicial dissolution system to protect the type of deadlock to find a theoretical basis. The third chapter focuses on the theoretical disputes in the legislation and judicial practice of the judicial dissolution system under the corporate impasse and the legislative choice of our country. This paper analyzes the principle of judicial dissolution of company litigation and the legal effect of judicial decision under the situation of company impasse. The fourth chapter combines the theoretical basis of the judicial dissolution of the company in the second chapter of this article, taking the aim value of the judicial dissolution system as the angle of view, referring to the common disputes in the judicial practice. This paper analyzes on the shortcomings of the company deadlock system and the lack of maneuverability in the litigation of judicial dissolution of companies, puts forward some suggestions to expand the applicable situation of the judicial dissolution of companies, and puts forward some suggestions to strengthen the protection of minority shareholders in order to strengthen the protection of small and medium-sized shareholders. Appropriately expand the applicable situation of judicial dissolution of companies, strengthen the legal guiding role of judicial dissolution of companies, in order to avoid the emergence of deadlock, expand the buffer between the deadlock and judicial dissolution of companies, flexible space, in the interests of shareholders, Try to find a balance between social interests and company survival as far as possible.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.291.91

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