非物质文化遗产国际条约保护的冲突与协调

发布时间：2018-01-11 14:34

本文关键词：非物质文化遗产国际条约保护的冲突与协调　出处：《北京外国语大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着人们对非物质文化遗产(以下作“非遗”或“非物质遗产”)认识的不断加深,以联合国教科文组织(“教科文组织”或"UNESCO")、世界知识产权组织(“知识产权组织”或"WIPO")为主的国际组织已经通过签订条约、协定等国际法律文书的形式基本形成了公法和私法相结合的非物质遗产的国际保护体系。本文以理论研究和实证分析相结合,首先以非物质国际条约保护为中心,整理主要国际机构,如UNESCO和世界贸易组织(“世贸组织”或“WTO”)等在不同领域对非物质文化遗产的保护做出的努力；而后,创新地将现行与非物质遗产保护相关的国际条约进行综合横向比较,找到非物质遗产国际条约保护体系内部可能存在的冲突和矛盾,力图为冲突的协调提供思路；最后,将非物质遗产国际条约保护制度与我国非遗保护的现状结合,通过分析为我国非遗保护制度提供有益思路。虽然现行国际条约从不同角度出发,对非物质遗产进行多种方式的保护和规制,然而鉴于非物质遗产自身的特殊性,现行国际条约并不能给与每个国家、不同形式的非物质遗产以全面的保护。同时,现行WTO贸易制度并没有针对非遗的文化商品和贸易作出相关具体规定,导致根据国际条约规定对于非物质遗产保护的行为很可能违反WTO规则。因此,为了加强非物质文化遗产的保护,国际立法层面需要作出相应的调整。对于尚在起步阶段的非遗国内法保护的深化和发展,借鉴现行国际法律文书十分必要。一方面,现行的国际法律文书经过缔约方长期讨论和实践,已经论证可行；另一方面,现行的国际法律文书由众多缔约国一同缔结,具有良好的国际合作基础。目前,具有行政法性质的非物质文化遗产公法保护在实践中经常出现调节不力、效率低下等问题。为了加强我国非物质文化遗产的保护工作,仍需立法工作者借鉴参考国际立法并结合我国实际,真正从法律上保障非物质文化遗产。
[Abstract]:Along with the people of the intangible cultural heritage (hereinafter as "intangible cultural heritage" and "intangible heritage") deepen understanding, to UNESCO ("UNESCO" or "UNESCO"), the World Intellectual Property Organization ("intellectual property organization" or "WIPO") is the main international organizations have through treaties, agreements and other international legal instruments in the form of the basic form of the international protection system of public law and private law combination of intangible heritage.
This paper combines theoretical research and empirical analysis, first of all to protect the intangible international treaties as the center, finishing the main international institutions such as the UNESCO and the World Trade Organization ("WTO" or "WTO") to make the protection of the intangible cultural heritage in different fields will be innovative efforts; then, the current and non material heritage protection related international treaties for comprehensive comparison, find the conflicts and contradictions within the intangible heritage of international treaties may exist in the system, to provide ideas for conflict coordination; finally, combining status of intangible cultural heritage protection system of international treaty and intangible cultural heritage protection in our country, through the analysis to provide useful ideas for China's intangible cultural heritage the protection system.
Although the existing international treaties from different angles, a variety of ways for the protection and regulation of the intangible cultural heritage, but in view of the special nature of intangible heritage of the current international treaties and can not give each country, different forms of intangible heritage by comprehensive protection. At the same time, the existing WTO Trading system did not make specific provisions for non heritage cultural commodity and trade, according to the result of Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection Act provisions of international treaties is likely to violate WTO rules. Therefore, in order to strengthen the protection of intangible cultural heritage, the legislative level needs to make the corresponding adjustment.
For the intangible cultural heritage is still at an initial stage of development and deepening of domestic law protection, according to the existing international legal instruments is necessary. On the one hand, after the parties long-term discussion and practice in current international legal instruments, has proved feasible; on the other hand, the existing international legal instruments by many parties to conclude, with a good foundation of international cooperation. At present, the intangible cultural heritage protection law has the nature of administrative law often ineffective regulation in practice, problems such as low efficiency. In order to strengthen the protection of intangible cultural heritage in China, still need to reference the international legislation and legislative workers with the reality of our country, the real from the legal protection of intangible cultural heritage.

【学位授予单位】：北京外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D993.9

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