ICSID仲裁庭对“国家责任草案”的解释与适用研究

发布时间：2018-01-19 21:37

本文关键词： “国家责任草案” 解释适用 ICSID　出处：《西南大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：我国政府在最初对外资企业提供了许多的优惠,比如减免税收、免收土地出让金。但随着时间的推移,外企在我国的发展出现了不少问题。比如知名企业利用其对中国市场的高占有率垄断市场价格,或是违反劳动法律法规致使严重的安全事故发生,或是肆意地污染当地的环境。针对这种情况的时有发生,随着我国引入外资速度加快,自我国加入世界贸易组织后仅保留了税收优惠政策和部分费率优惠。颁布《企业所得税法》后,税率统一为25%,对国内各类型企业一视同仁。随后,在2010年底,中国统一了内外资企业城市维护建设税和教育费附加制度。至此,外资企业在税收政策上享受的“超国民待遇”被彻底终结。伴随着经济和政策的改革,我国面临的法律风险也在不断的加大。优惠政策的回收将很可能导致诉讼,正如笔者在正文中研究案例中所体现的那样。以我国的FDI高达10万亿美元的市场价值之万分之一的索赔,就可能给我国市场带来较大波动,从而影响我国的经济安全。投资者可能以非法间接征收之名或是以精神损害为名就合同的优惠条款的终止造成的大量经济损失起诉我国。而我国如果被起诉到ICSID仲裁庭上,是否胜诉与适用的法律有着绝对紧密的联系。因为适用的法律对于仲裁庭是否享有该案的管辖权,是否认定优惠政策的回收为国家不法行为,对“危急情况”、“精神损害”、“间接征收”、“间接征用”等涉及赔偿与否、赔偿数额等问题的法律术语解释起到了决定性的作用。“国家责任草案”即《国家对国际不法行为责任草案》,是国际法委员会经过一读、二读最终成文的具有国际习惯效力的国际法规范,是仲裁庭在裁判投资者与东道国之间投资纠纷十分重要的国际习惯规则,对于上述涉及赔偿的问题都有规定,但失之笼统、滞后、模糊。仲裁庭通过双方可推导的默示适用草案协议或是双方约定适用的法律出现解释的空白直接适用该草案,对于上述决定赔偿与否、赔偿多少等涉及到国家责任承担问题的解释和计算,享有极大的自由裁量权。而仲裁庭站在发达国家投资者的立场上,在很多案例中表现出了对投资者的偏袒。因此仲裁庭究竟是如何适用和解释“国家责任草案”的,我国如何尽量规避适用“国家责任草案”,如何通过对我国与他国的投资双边协议的个别法律术语进行东道国立场的解释来限制ICSID仲裁庭的解释权力,是一个颇具现实意义的问题。有学者认为不同的仲裁庭适用和解释该草案相同的法律术语存在许多不一致或者值得商榷之处；且国内国外学者多是从国际公法的角度对其进行研究,还没有从国际经济法的视角给予足够的重视。而目前没有学者就如何巧妙地利用仲裁庭适用和解释“国家责任草案”的规律来规避国家法律、经济风险进行研究。因此,本文试图站在国际公法和国际经济法相结合的角度,寻找“中心”仲裁庭对该草案解释和适用的规律,并试图找到规避”国家责任草案”的适用和对关键法律术语解释的优化方案。
[Abstract]:The Chinese government in the first foreign-funded enterprises provides many benefits, such as tax relief, exempt from land leasing. But as time goes on, foreign companies there are a lot of problems in the development of our country. For example, well-known enterprises to use its market share of China high monopoly market price, or is in violation of labor laws and regulations of the serious safety accidents, or wanton pollution of the local environment. In view of this situation occurs, with China's introduction of foreign investment accelerated, since China's accession to the world trade organization only retained the preferential tax policy and part of the discount rate of the enterprise income tax law promulgated. < >, the unified tax rate of 25%, the same all types of domestic enterprises. Then, at the end of 2010, Chinese unified the domestic and foreign enterprises of city maintenance and construction tax system. Thus, foreign-funded enterprises enjoy tax policy in the country " National treatment "is a complete end. With the reform of economy and policy, legal risks facing China is constantly increasing. The recovery of preferential policies will likely lead to litigation, as the author in the text of embodied in the case of that. 1/10000 in China FDI up to $10 trillion in market value. The claim may give China market to bring greater volatility, thus affecting the economic security of our country. Investors may be illegal in the name of indirect expropriation or substantial economic losses to the mental damage on the termination of the contract in the name of preferential terms caused by the prosecution in our country. In China, if the prosecution to the ICSID arbitration tribunal. Whether the prevailing and applicable law is absolutely closely linked. Because the law applicable to the arbitration tribunal is entitled to the jurisdiction of the case, whether the recovery of preferential policies for the national identification of illegal behavior, to" critical situation Condition "," mental damage "," indirect expropriation "," indirect expropriation "involving compensation or not, the legal interpretation of the term the amount of compensation and other issues played a decisive role." state responsibility draft "national responsibility for international wrongful acts < > is the International Law Commission draft, after reading, reading two the final written with the norms of international law and customary international law, international customary rules of the arbitration tribunal is very important in the investment disputes between investors and the host country, there are provisions for the above relates to the issue of compensation, but lost in general, lag, fuzzy. The arbitration tribunal by the two sides can be derived for the draft agreement or both implied the legal interpretation applicable blank directly applicable to the draft, the decision for compensation or not, explanation and calculation of how much compensation involves the national responsibility, enjoy great freedom Right. And the arbitration tribunal standing in developed countries the position of investors, in many cases showing favoritism to investors. Therefore the arbitration tribunal and explain how to apply "state responsibility draft" in our country, how to avoid application of "state responsibility draft", how to pass the legal term for our individual with his country's investment of bilateral agreements to limit the position of the host country to explain ICSID interpretation of the arbitration tribunal of power, is a quite practical problem. Some scholars believe that there are many inconsistent or debatable for different arbitration tribunal and explanation of the draft of the same legal terminology; and the domestic and foreign scholars studied from the perspective of international law, it has not been given sufficient attention from international economic law perspective. And there is no scholars on how to skillfully use the application and interpretation of the "national arbitration tribunal The responsibility of the draft "of the law to circumvent the laws of the state, of the economic risk. Therefore, this paper tries to stand in the international law and international economic law perspective of the combination of" center "for the arbitration tribunal on the draft interpretation and application of the law, and tries to find applicable aversion" state responsibility draft "and explain the key legal terms the optimization scheme.

【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D997.4

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