国际海洋法法庭临时措施初步管辖权研究

发布时间：2018-02-17 05:35

本文关键词： 《联合国海洋法公约》国际海洋法法庭初步管辖权临时措施　出处：《海南大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在当前国际大环境下,各国都在致力于发展本国军事、经济等方面的能力,提升自己的国际地位。而随着海洋在国际战略中地位提升,便成了各国在衡量本国综合实力的一项重要指标,也是各国在国际新秩序中占据有力地位的重要法码。但在各国的发展过程中,由于全球化不可逆的趋势,各种政治、经济、文化利益交织,这也就决定了各国际主体之间不可避免的存在摩擦、矛盾甚至争端,根据国际习惯法以及国际法基本原则的要求,各国际主体应该以和平方式解决争端,禁止使用任何武力或武力威胁的方法。如果争议当事国不能通过自身选择的任何和平手段达成有效协议,他们则有义务诉诸于强制性争端解决机制,并在遵守公约限制和例外的前提下形成有拘束力的判决。公约确立的机制为解决争端提供了四种可选择的方法：国际海洋法法庭(以下简称“法庭”),国际法庭,根据公约附件七组成的仲裁法庭,以及根据公约附件八组成的特殊仲裁法庭。当事国享有《公约》第287条用书面声明的方式自由选择以上一种或一种以上方法的权利,书面声明将存放在联合国秘书处。国际海洋法法庭是根据《联合国海洋法公约》(以下简称“公约”)而设立的独立司法机关,旨在裁判因解释或适用《公约》所引起的争端。法庭总部设在德国汉堡。法庭管辖权包括根据《公约》及其《执行协定》而提交法给庭的所有争端,以及在赋予法庭管辖权的其它任何协定中已具体规定的所有事项。联合国海洋法法庭自1996年成立至今,已有23个案件登记在案。而本文主要以国际海洋法法庭的相关案件为切入点,并结合国际海洋法法庭涉及临时措施的其他登记案例,法官的解读、意见,探究国际海洋法法庭的初步管辖权制度。文章主体内容共分为四部分。第一部分是对国际海洋法法庭初步管辖权的概述,主要从特征、作用、必要性和相关问题等方面进行分析,从宏观上把握初步管辖权,并为下文具体分析临时措施奠定了基础。第二部分则是从国际海洋法法庭的初步管辖权的认定标准入手,从主体、争端事项及认定条件这三方面进行阐述。第三部分研究庭初步管辖权的程序问题。文章最后,讨论法庭初步管辖权对我国的启示,以及在实践过程中的注意事项,以期对解决我国日益复杂的海洋争端有所裨益,更好地维护我国合法的海洋权益。
[Abstract]:In the current international environment, countries are committed to the development of its military capabilities, and other aspects of the economy, enhance its international status. With the ocean in the international strategy to enhance the status, has become an important indicator in the national comprehensive national strength, but also the means to occupy a strong position in the new international order in. But in the process of the development of all countries, due to globalization irreversible trend, various political, economic and cultural interests, which also determines the existence of inevitable friction between each of the subjects, and even contradictory dispute, according to international customary law and the basic principles of international law, the international body should resolve the dispute in a peaceful way, prohibit the use of any force or the threat of force method. If the dispute when anything can not through their own choice of peaceful means an effective agreement, they also have the obligation to To resort to compulsory dispute settlement mechanism, and the binding force of the judgment form subject to the limitations and exceptions of the Convention. The mechanism of the Convention provides four alternative methods for resolving disputes: the International Tribunal for the law of the sea (hereinafter referred to as the "court"), the International Court of Justice, according to annex seven of the Convention on the composition of the court of arbitration, and according to the special arbitral tribunal composed of annex eight parties. Enjoy the < > 287th written statement on the way more freedom to choose one or more methods of rights, a written statement will be stored in the Secretariat of the United Nations.
The International Tribunal for the law of the sea is under the "United Nations Convention on the law of the sea" (hereinafter referred to as "the Convention") and the establishment of the independent judiciary, to judge which caused by the interpretation or application of the Convention. The court dispute < > is headquartered in Hamburg. The court jurisdiction includes according to the Convention and the agreement for the implementation of < > > and submit to the law all disputes tribunal, and has specific provisions in any other agreement to give the court jurisdiction in all matters.
The United Nations Tribunal for the law of the sea has been established since 1996, there have been 23 cases registered. And this paper mainly related to cases of International Tribunal for the law of the sea as the starting point, combined with other registered cases of International Tribunal for the law of the sea to the provisional measures, the judge's interpretation, opinions, preliminary inquiry under the jurisdiction of the International Tribunal for the law of the sea in the power system. The main content is divided into four parts. The first part is an overview of the International Tribunal for the law of the sea of jurisdiction, mainly from the characteristics, function, necessity and related issues such as analysis, grasp the preliminary jurisdiction from the macro, and laid the foundation for the following detailed analysis of interim measures. The second part is starting, identification the standard from the initial jurisdiction of the International Tribunal for the law of the sea right from the main body, dispute matters and identify the conditions described in these three aspects. The third part of the preliminary court jurisdiction problem. The program Finally, we discuss the Enlightenment of the preliminary jurisdiction of the court to China and the precautions in the process of practice, so as to help solve our increasingly complicated maritime disputes and better safeguard our legitimate maritime rights and interests.

【学位授予单位】：海南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D993.5

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