国际货物买卖中违约损害赔偿减损规则研究

发布时间：2018-03-07 20:33

本文选题：减损　切入点：合理性判断　出处：《郑州大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在贸易发展迅速的今天,从事货物贸易的我国企业也越来越多,我国适用货物贸易法规的情况也越来越频繁。而买卖中容易产生纠纷,产生纠纷就涉及到损害赔偿,而在损害赔偿中一个限制性规则就是减损规则,它的存在用以限制受损害方或非违约方不能消极等待损害的继续扩大,而是应该采取积极的措施防止损失扩大,这样有利于平衡双方利益,也有利于双方间贸易的进一步促成。文章主要分为四部分来介绍了国际货物买卖中的减损规则。第一章为减损规则的基本问题介绍,本文主要从其概念及历史发展、法律性质和其背后的法理来介绍这个规则。在讲述减损规则的历史发展时,本文从国内立法和国际立法两个方面分别对其进行了介绍,这也说明了减损规则的普遍适用性。第二章则论述了减损规则适用的判断问题。如减损规则适用的判断标准及使用这些标准进行判断时还应该考虑的因素。另外,减损规则在适用时还需要考虑到合理时间的确定问题,本文在此以预期违约下的合理时间的确定为重点进行了详尽的论述。本文第三章主要讲述了减损规则适用的措施类型及带来的法律后果。在这一部分中,文章尽可能全面地考虑到了可采取的合理减损措施类型,其中引用了大量案例,通过不同的案情全面地说明了不同减损措施的适用。而减损规则适用的法律后果,本文则以其对损害赔偿数额的影响,减损费用的负担问题和适用减损规则的举证问题三个方面进行了阐述。最后,本文通过对我国适用减损规则的情况进行介绍和分析,从而提出对中国未来适用的完善建议和意见。我国对于减损规则的立法规定主要体现在《民法通则》和《合同法》中。虽然法律条文的规定还不尽完善,但也逐渐地从开始只规定了消极地减轻损失,走向“应当采取合理适当的措施”的积极发展。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of trade, more and more Chinese enterprises are engaged in the trade of goods, and the application of laws and regulations on trade in goods is becoming more and more frequent. One of the restrictive rules in compensation for damages is the derogation rule, which exists to restrict the injured party or the non-defaulting party from waiting passively for the further expansion of the damage, but to take positive measures to prevent the damage from expanding. The article is divided into four parts to introduce the derogation rules in the international sale of goods. The first chapter is the introduction of the basic issues of the derogation rules. This article mainly introduces this rule from its concept and historical development, legal nature and legal theory behind it. When describing the historical development of derogation rule, this paper introduces it from two aspects of domestic legislation and international legislation, respectively. This also illustrates the general applicability of derogation rules. Chapter II deals with the judgment of the application of derogation rules, such as the criteria applicable to derogation rules and the factors to be taken into account when using these criteria. Derogation rules also need to be applied taking into account the determination of reasonable time, This paper focuses on the determination of reasonable time in case of expected breach of contract. The third chapter mainly discusses the types of measures applicable to derogation rules and the legal consequences. In this part, The article takes into account as comprehensively as possible the types of reasonable derogation measures that can be taken, in which a large number of cases are cited, and the legal consequences of the application of the derogation rules are explained comprehensively through different cases. In this paper, the impact on the amount of compensation for damages, the burden of impairment fees and the proof of the applicable rules of derogation are discussed. Finally, this paper introduces and analyzes the application of the rules of derogation in China. The legislative provisions on derogation rules in China are mainly embodied in the General principles of Civil Law and contract Law. Although the provisions of the legal provisions are not perfect, But gradually from the beginning only negative mitigation of losses, to "should take reasonable and appropriate measures" positive development.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D996.1;D923.6

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