论WTO“蓝箱”规则形成与改革中的美国因素

发布时间：2018-03-10 01:07

本文选题：WTO法　切入点：“蓝箱”　出处：《华侨大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：“蓝箱”是WTO《农业协议》第6.5条规定的对农业生产者进行直接补贴的国内支持措施。但由于“蓝箱”补贴完全由政府公共财政支出以及必须和限产计划结合，目前仅有少数几个农业大国可以负担实施。美国便是“蓝箱”规则最主要的制定者和受益者之一。美国早在GATT时代便建立了如今“蓝箱”规则的雏形——差价支付制度，，并联合欧盟于WTO创立之时，在《农业协议》中以差价支付制度为蓝本创设了“蓝箱”规则。在2001年启动的多哈回合谈判中，美国仍可凭借其在世界政治经济舞台上的主导地位，深刻地影响着“蓝箱”规则的改革进程。随着多哈回合战线越拉越长以及美国两部倍受争议的农业法的相继出台，近年来国内外专门研究WTO农业国内支持以及美国农业立法的论文数量增多。但是将多哈回合农业议题之“蓝箱”规则谈判与美国因素相结合讨论的论文却鲜见。文章便以此角度为切入点，探究从乌拉圭回合到多哈回合谈判，美国如何逐步地以其国内农业立法深刻地影响着WTO“蓝箱”规则的变化。除引言和结论外，文章分为四个章节。第一章对乌拉圭回合农业谈判的成果之一——《农业协议》以及现行的“蓝箱”规则进行了全面的解读。第二章分析了美国在乌拉圭回合“蓝箱”规则的形成谈判过程中起到的主导作用以及在乌拉圭回合实施期间“蓝箱”支持的使用情况。第三章首先分析了自多哈回合谈判开启至今，美国如何利用自身的影响力推进“蓝箱”规则的改革，剖析了历次“模式”草案中的“蓝箱”纪律,揭示了决定美国在“蓝箱”规则形成和改革中动议产生的国内因素，并预测了在美国影响下的未来“蓝箱”规则改革谈判的焦点或将集中在特定产品的新“蓝箱”补贴的“头上空间”问题、“蓝箱”规则中的技术性问题、美国拟纳入新“蓝箱”的反周期支付等议题以及在这几个领域中可能达成的新规则。最后一章在结合分析美国受反周期支付补贴产品的获益程度、中美农产品贸易状况以及我国粮食生产能力、市场开放程度等因素的基础上认为，尽管目前在美国影响下的未来WTO“蓝箱”新规则还不会对我国的粮食安全造成实质的威胁，但若决策者不在问题出现之前引起高度重视并采取相应的预防措施，我国的粮食安全将有可能陷入被动的局面。对此，文章从我国如何参与多哈回合后续谈判（包括“蓝箱”支持与市场准入规则谈判）以及如何整合我国现有农业资源（包括粮食生产与粮食流通两方面）的角度提出了可行性建议。
[Abstract]:The "blue box" is the WTO< agreement on Agriculture > the provisions of article 6.5 of direct subsidies to agricultural producers of domestic support measures. But because of the "blue box" subsidies entirely by the government public expenditure, and must be combined with limited production plan, there are only a few agricultural country can afford the implementation. The United States is "one of the beneficiaries and the main blue box" rules. The United States early in the GATT era established today "prototype blue box" rules -- the difference payment system, and combined with the EU in WTO was founded, in "agreement on Agriculture > to post payment system to create the" blue box "rules based. Launched in 2001 in Doha round of negotiations, the United States can by virtue of its dominant position in the world political and economic arena, deeply influenced the" blue box "rules of the reform process.
With the method of Doha round agricultural front longer and the two controversial have been introduced at home and abroad in recent years devoted to the study of WTO agricultural domestic support and the increase in the number of American agricultural legislation. But the Doha round agricultural issues of "blue box" rules for negotiations with the United States combined factors discussed in the thesis are rare. This article is from this perspective as the breakthrough point, to explore from the Uruguay round to the Doha round of negotiations, the United States to gradually to the domestic agricultural legislation influences profoundly the "blue box" rules of WTO.
In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the article is divided into four chapters. The first chapter of the Uruguay Round negotiations results of "agreement on Agriculture > and the" blue box "rules a comprehensive interpretation. The second chapter analyzes the leading role of judge plays in the formation of the Uruguay round of the" blue box "the rules and the implementation of the use period of the" blue box "support in the Uruguay round. The third chapter first analyzes from the Doha Round negotiations opened since the reform of the United States how to use their influence to promote the" blue box "rule, analyzes the previous" model "in the draft of the" blue box "discipline, reveals the domestic factors the motion is formed in the" blue box "rules and reform produced, and forecasts in the United States under the influence of the future focus of the blue box" rules reform negotiations or will focus on the new "blue box for specific products "Subsidy" head space "," technical problems of blue box in the rules, the United States intends to incorporate new "blue box" counter cyclical payment issues and new rules in these areas may reach. The last chapter in the United States by the combined analysis of the degree of benefit of counter cyclical payments subsidies. The Sino US trade of agricultural products and China's grain production capacity, the basic factors that the degree of market opening, although the new rules in the United States under the influence of the future WTO "blue box" is not on the food safety of our country caused substantial threat, but if policymakers do not appear in the problem before a high degree of attention and take appropriate preventive measures, China's grain security will likely fall into a passive situation. This article from our country to participate in the Doha round follow-up negotiations (including the "blue box" support and market access rules and negotiation) The feasibility of integrating the existing agricultural resources (including two aspects of grain production and grain circulation) in China is put forward.

【学位授予单位】：华侨大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D996.1

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