月球开发法律机制构建研究

发布时间：2018-03-13 11:04

本文选题：月球开发　切入点：法律机制　出处：《哈尔滨工业大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：人类对月球的探索，在“阿波罗”登月计划中断三十年之后再一次成为焦点。新世纪的探月活动，除了追求传统的科学利益，对商业利益的追逐也成为其目标之一。月球开发的商业利益具体内容有：将所获得的月球资源携带回地球而获利；对携带回地球的月球资源进行商业开发而获利；开采月球资源而获得劳动报酬等等。此外，月球开发主体也发生了很大的变化。除了传统的国际法主体——国家外，私人主体越来越多地加入到月球开发的队伍中来。然而，在月球开发过程中，国家与私人主体具有不同的特征，而且各自所追求的目的也南辕北辙。国家，作为月球开发主体，进行月球开发活动大多仅以科研为目标，而私人主体的关注点是月球开发活动盈利可否，利润多大，这也就造成了私人主体在月球开发过程中对空间法等相关法律法规的忽视，甚至是无视。私人主体参与月球开发对现有的与月球开发相关的空间法提出了一些基本问题，即现有的法律是否已经足够处理月球开发中出现的利益分享与风险承担问题，是否已经拥有足够的能力平衡月球开发中私人利益与公共利益的问题？这些基本问题的出现对月球开发法律提出了更大的需求，一整套的月球开发法律机制需要被建立。在月球开发法律机制构建过程中，首先从“全人类共同遗产原则”与所有权及其取得方式两个维度展开了对月球资源所有权归属问题的探讨，最终得出私人开发主体可以对月球资源主张部分所有权。月球开发法律机制构建存在法律上的可能性。其次月球开发法律机制构建研究以建立具体的可操作性较强的月球开发法律机制为目标，因此月球开发法律机制构建需要解决开发管理机构和开发法律程序问题。在月球开发管理机构方面，以《联合国海洋法公约》及“南极条约体系”为法律基础对月球开发管理机构进行了借鉴研究，以股份有限公司及月球开发管理局为法律基础对月球开发管理机构进行了全新的设想研究，最终选择月球开发管理局为月球开发管理机构。在月球开发法律程序方面，以许可一般法律程序为法律依据对月球开发法律程序进行了构建研究。最后本文在对机制构建指导原则的关注前提下，层层递进，，最终成功建立了一套比较完整的月球开发法律机制。
[Abstract]:Man's exploration of the moon has once again become a focus after the suspension of the Apollo lunar landing program for 30 years. In addition to pursuing traditional scientific interests, lunar exploration activities in the new century, The specific contents of the commercial interests of the lunar development are as follows: to carry the lunar resources back to the earth to profit, to carry on the commercial exploitation of the lunar resources back to the earth, and to profit from the commercial exploitation of the lunar resources carried back to the earth. In addition, the main body of lunar development has also undergone great changes. In addition to the traditional subject of international law, the state, private subjects are increasingly joining the lunar development team. In the process of lunar development, the state and private subjects have different characteristics, and their respective aims are also diametrically different. As the main body of lunar exploitation, the state, as the main body of lunar exploitation, mostly carries out activities aimed at scientific research. The concern of the private subjects is whether or not the moon development activities can be profitable and how much profit, which has led to the neglect of the space law and other relevant laws and regulations by the private subjects in the lunar development process. Even ignoring. The involvement of private subjects in lunar development raises some fundamental questions about existing space laws related to lunar development, namely whether existing laws are sufficient to address the issue of benefit-sharing and risk-taking that arise in lunar exploitation. Is there enough capacity to balance private and public interests in lunar development? The emergence of these basic problems puts forward a greater demand for the lunar exploitation law, and a whole set of legal mechanisms for lunar exploitation need to be established. In the course of constructing the legal mechanism of lunar exploitation, the ownership of lunar resources is discussed from two aspects: the principle of the common heritage of all mankind and the ownership of the lunar resources. Finally, it is concluded that the private developer can claim partial ownership of lunar resources. There is legal possibility in the construction of legal mechanism of lunar development. Secondly, the study on the construction of legal mechanism of lunar development to establish specific maneuverability. Strong legal mechanisms for lunar development, Therefore, the construction of the legal mechanism of lunar development needs to solve the problems of the development management organization and the legal procedure of the development. Taking the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and the Antarctic Treaty system as the legal basis for the study of the lunar development management agency, Based on the legal basis of the joint stock limited company and the lunar development administration, the lunar exploitation management agency was studied in a completely new way. Finally, the lunar development administration was selected as the lunar development management agency. On the basis of general legal procedure of license, the legal procedure of lunar exploitation is studied. Finally, this paper, on the premise of paying close attention to the guiding principle of mechanism construction, advances step by step. Finally, a relatively complete legal mechanism for lunar development was successfully established.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D993.5

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