论武装冲突中PMC及相关主体的国际责任

发布时间：2018-03-15 11:07

本文选题：私人军事公司　切入点：国际法律地位　出处：《华东理工大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：私有军事服务自从战争产生之日起便有了萌芽,并且随着历史的演进不断的发展。近年来,关于PMC在履行合同的过程中不法行为的报道引发了人们对此问题的极大关注。二战以来出现的越来越多的PMC使得原来的国际公约措手不及,至今也尚未形成直接针对PMC的、具有普遍约束力的法律文件。PMC的发展仍然持续进行,而PMC在国际人道主义法上处于一个灰色地带,因为国际法上并没有对他们有任何明确的规定。PMC的国际法律规制的空缺,将给国际人权和国际和平带来了极大的威胁。而要明确谁应为武装冲突中PMC雇员的行为负责,首先必须要明确武装冲突中PMC雇员的国际法律地位。也就是,按照现行的国际武装冲突法,就必须考虑PMC雇员是为平民还是战斗员。在提供合同军事服务中具有平民地位的PMC就应该为其违反国际法的行为负责,而承担个人的国际刑事责任。在这种情况下,可视为PMC的行为是通过合同、被授权行使政府权力要素的其他实体的行为,因此其行为也是可归属于国家的行为,国家就应该为其违反国际法的行为承担国家责任。而提供合同军事服务的PMC有少数因符合“其他民兵或其他志愿部队”的条件而具有战斗员的地位时国家更应该为这些具有战斗员法律地位的PMC的违反国际法的行为负责。另外,按照现行国际法,PMC母国也有义务对其本国的PMC进行监管和规范,当其监管或者规制缺失而出现PMC违反国际法时,PMC母国也应该为此承担国家责任。
[Abstract]:Private military services have sprouted since the day of the war, and have continued to evolve with the evolution of history. The report on the illegal behavior of PMC in the course of performing the contract has aroused great concern about this problem. Since World War II, more and more PMC have caught the original international conventions by surprise and have not yet been directly targeted at PMC. The development of a universally binding legal document, .PMC, is still ongoing, and PMC is in a grey area of international humanitarian law, because there is no explicit provision for them in international law. Will pose a great threat to international human rights and international peace. And to know who is responsible for the actions of PMC employees in armed conflict, we must first clarify the international legal status of PMC employees in armed conflict. Under the current law of international armed conflict, it is necessary to consider whether PMC employees are civilians or combatants. PMC, who has civilian status in the provision of contracted military services, is responsible for violations of international law. And the international criminal responsibility of individuals... in this case, the conduct that can be regarded as PMC is an act of other entities authorized to exercise elements of governmental authority through a contract, and therefore its conduct is also an act attributable to the State, States should be held responsible for their violations of international law. A small number of PMC, which provide contracted military services, have the status of combatants because they meet the requirements of "other militias or other voluntary forces". Responsible for these violations of international law by PMC, who has legal status as a combatant. According to the current international law, the home country also has the obligation to supervise and regulate the PMC in its own country. When the PMC is in breach of international law due to its lack of supervision or regulation, the home country should also bear the national responsibility for this.
【学位授予单位】：华东理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D995

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