我国对外贸易中技术标准问题研究

发布时间：2018-03-15 11:22

本文选题：对外贸易　切入点：技术标准　出处：《河北经贸大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：国际贸易竞争的日益激烈,WTO对国际贸易自由化的呼吁,促使各国对本国贸易的保护方式逐渐将关税壁垒向非关税壁垒发展,而因为技术标准拥有的先天优越性而成为技术性贸易壁垒的新宠儿,各国以保护环境或节约资源为名目纷纷制定了繁杂严格的技术标准以此来保护本国企业的发展,抵制外国产品的进入,为国际贸易的自由发展造成了重重阻碍。尤其是金融危机后,世界许多国家尤其是发达国家为了保护本国的产业、提高本国企业的竞争力,借助本国的经济和技术优势通过制定较高的技术标准或控制国际标准来限制外国商品进入本国市场,如美国、欧盟、日本都建立了繁杂而较高技术标准体系。而作为发展中国家,因为经济水平较低和技术水平的不发达,在国际技术标准的制定中很难起到决定性作用,甚至参与制定的机会也很少,因此在这种窘境下,只能被迫采用发达国家的标准。而发展中国家的产品因长期按本国较低技术标准生产导致无法与发达国家的产品相抗衡,从而在世界市场上不具有优势竞争力。而发达国家的产品进入发展中国家后又冲击了本国经济的发展,使得本国企业严重受挫。技术标准极具贸易保护的表象特征,并且在一定程度上也确实达到了贸易保护的目的,但是对此我们不能对其全盘否认,而是应当全面的分析该问题。因为技术标准不仅仅是作为贸易中不可或缺的一部分,并且在现代贸易中起着越来越重要的作用,已经成为国际贸易的基本准则。如果我们企业不能适应它,那最终结果必然是被国际所淘汰,因此,我们应当正面看待技术标准,并适应社会趋势尽力迎合国际市场的需要本文从理论与实践角度分析了WTO中技术标准存在的必要性,为国际贸易作出的贡献,最近几年国内外技术标准对我国对外贸易的影响,通过对比我国与发达国家的技术标准状况,剖析我国技术标准落后的原因,借鉴发达国家的经验,重点在于对我国技术标准制度的完善提供参考建议,对此本文主要从三方面进行阐述。我国一方面应当继续完善我国的技术标准体系,建立我国独特的技术壁垒风险防范体系,将国际普遍采用的技术标准和世界先进技术标准引入我国的技术标准体系,加强对技术标准的宣传力度,引导教育企业尽量采用国际标准和先进标准；另一方而,应当充分发挥我国行业协会在技术标准制定和实施过程中的作用,行业协会作为连接企业和政府的桥梁,应当及时与企业和政府沟通,对所在行业在国际市场上技术标准的发展动向进行跟踪,及时将相关信息反馈给企业,从而保护我国企业的利益。第三,对企业来说,在进行生产活动中,也要及时了解出口的目标市场的技术标准状况,不搞盲目生产,尽量采用国际标准和先进技术标准。当我国遇到技术标准壁垒的国际争端时,可以采取多种救济途径,可以采取传统的救济途径,还可以启动wTO争端解决机制。
[Abstract]:The increasingly fierce competition in international trade, WTO of international trade liberalization for protection of domestic trade prompted countries gradually tariff barriers to non-tariff barriers and development, because of the inherent superiority of technical standards have become the new darling of technical barriers to trade, countries in order to protect the environment or save resources for the names have been formulated the complex strict technical standards in order to protect the development of domestic enterprises, to boycott foreign products, causing obstacles to the free development of international trade. Especially after the financial crisis, many countries in the world, especially the developed countries in order to protect domestic industry, improve the competitiveness of domestic enterprises, with its advantages in economy and technology limited foreign goods through technical standards or higher control international standards into domestic market, such as the United States, European Union, Japan has established a complex and High technical standard system. As a developing country, because of low economic level and technical level is not developed, in the formulation of international standards is difficult to play a decisive role, and even participate in the development of opportunities are few, so in this dilemma, is forced to use the standard of developed countries and developing countries. According to the product for a long time its low technical standard production lead to products with the developed countries to compete, thus not competitive in the world market. The products in developed countries into developing countries after the impact of the development of the national economy, the domestic enterprises suffered a serious setback.
Characterized by technical standards very trade protection, and to a certain extent also reach the purpose of trade protection, but we cannot be denied, but should be a comprehensive analysis of the problem. Because the technical standard is not only as an integral part of the trade, and in the modern trade plays an increasingly important role that has become the basic norms of international trade. If we enterprise cannot adapt to it, the final result is bound to be eliminated, so the international, we should look at the positive trend of technical standards, social needs to cater to the international market and adapt to
This paper analyzes the necessity of WTO technology standard from the angle of theory and practice, make a contribution to international trade influence in recent years, domestic and international technical standards on China's foreign trade, through technical standards of comparison between China and developed countries, analysis of China's technical standard quasi backward, from the developed countries the key is to provide the experience and suggestions to perfect the system of technical standard in China, this paper mainly expounds from three aspects.
Our country should continue to improve our system of technical standards, to establish our own TBT risk prevention system, technical standards will be widely adopted in the international standard and advanced technology in the world into China's technical standard system, strengthen the technical standards of propaganda, education enterprise should adopt international standards and advanced standard; on the other hand, we should give full play to the industry association of China in technology standard in the process of formulating and implementing the role of industry associations as a bridge between business and government, enterprise and government should be timely communication, the development trend of technical standards in the international market of industry tracking, timely feedback the information to the relevant enterprises. In order to protect the interests of the Chinese enterprises. Third, to the enterprise, in the production activities, but also a timely understanding of technical condition of export target market, not Blind production and international standards and advanced technology standards should be adopted as far as possible. When our country meets the international disputes of technical standard barriers, we can take various ways of relief, take traditional relief ways, and also start the wTO dispute settlement mechanism.

【学位授予单位】：河北经贸大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D996.1;D922.1;D922.29

【参考文献】