论难民权利的国际法保护

发布时间：2018-03-18 03:06

本文选题：难民　切入点：难民权利　出处：《吉林财经大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：难民问题在历史上长期存在,近年来由于受到地区间武装冲突、宗教矛盾、恐怖活动等因素影响,世界范围内的难民情势日趋严重化且复杂化,难民潮遍及世界各大洲。导致难民情况发生的原因错综复杂,其中主要有政治、战争、种族冲突、意识形态、宗教以及环境灾难等等,难民权利无法得到保护也成为当今国际社会面临的重要问题之一,它不仅困扰着产生难民的国家,而且对于涌入难民的邻近地区乃至整个世界,都影响极大。在世界各国相互依赖及全球化不断发展的今天,难民问题已不只是单个国家的问题,而是国际社会共同面临的全球性问题。因此借由主要的国际组织及机构和各国的共同努力来解决时下的难民保护问题已经成为当今时代刻不容缓的一个时代难题。关于难民保护这一国际问题的法律法规较多,除了众多国家参与的一些保护难民权利的公约、条约之外,各国也制定了相应的符合国情的本国难民法。但难民的涌动一般是由一个国家涌向另一个国家,一个地区涌向另一个地区,因此在难民问题保护实践中,由于地区的差异以及各个国家不同的历史文化背景等因素,难民保护的实践过程中面临诸多的困难和问题。本文试从国际法的角度,主要以关于难民地位的公约及议定书为法律依据,同时参照其他国家的难民法律法规,对国际社会组织及机构在难民保护过程中遇到的一些困境进行抽象概括,并提出相应的解决办法。全文共划分为四大部分。第一部分是难民权利的概况,该部分主要是从三个方面来论述难民权利的基本情况:首先,是从难民这一问题的背景开始,之后简要介绍难民定义的产生及发展,通过国际社会对难民问题起因的分析,将难民主要分为政治、经济、战争、环境难民四类;其次,是对难民权利具体有哪些展开的详细论述,只有了解难民哪些权利是基础的,才能有的放矢,对难民权利进行针对性的保护;最后概括性论述了难民权利保护的历史沿革。第二部分是难民权利国际保护的法律规范及实践,该部分主要通过国际社会对难民权利保护所依据的法律规范,主要包括人权法对难民权利的相关规定、专门性的公约和议定书及主要的几个区域性文件进行论述;其次通过对难民保护做出重要贡献的联合国难民署进行了评价;最后分析对比了几个具有代表性的国家对难民权利保护的实践。第三部分是在难民权利国际保护实践中遇到的问题,该部分结合国际难民法及国际社会的实践,从难民权利保护的理论和实践出发,分析了难民权利保护面临的困境。第四部分是难民权利保护的完善,该部分针对难民权利保护所面临的困境,具体从三个主要方面提出了完善的建议。
[Abstract]:The refugee problem has long existed in history. In recent years, due to the influence of inter-regional armed conflicts, religious contradictions, terrorist activities and other factors, the refugee situation in the world has become increasingly serious and complicated. Refugee flows spread across all continents of the world. The causes of the refugee situation were complex, including politics, war, ethnic conflicts, ideology, religion, environmental disasters, etc. The lack of protection of the rights of refugees has also become one of the most important problems facing the international community today, which affects not only the countries in which refugees are generated, but also the neighbouring regions of the influx, as well as the world as a whole, In a time of interdependence and globalization in the world, the problem of refugees is no longer a matter of individual countries, It is a global problem that the international community faces together. Therefore, it has become an urgent problem to solve the refugee protection problem through the joint efforts of major international organizations and institutions and countries. ... there are more laws and regulations on the international issue of refugee protection, In addition to a number of conventions on the protection of the rights of refugees to which a large number of States are parties, States have also enacted appropriate national refugee laws. However, the influx of refugees is generally from one country to another, One region flocked to another, so in refugee protection practice, due to regional differences and the different historical and cultural backgrounds of each country, There are many difficulties and problems in the practice of refugee protection. From the angle of international law, this paper mainly takes the Convention and Protocol relating to the status of Refugees as the legal basis, and at the same time refers to the refugee laws and regulations of other countries. Abstract summarization of some difficulties encountered by organizations and agencies of the international community in the process of refugee protection, and corresponding solutions. The whole paper is divided into four parts. The first part is an overview of the rights of refugees. This part mainly deals with the basic situation of refugee rights in three aspects: first, starting with the background of the refugee problem, then briefly introducing the emergence and development of the refugee definition, and through the analysis of the causes of the refugee problem by the international community, The refugees are divided into four categories: political, economic, war and environmental refugees. Secondly, there is a detailed discussion on the specific rights of refugees. Only by understanding which rights of refugees are based can they be targeted. Finally, it discusses the history of refugee rights protection. The second part is the legal norms and practice of the international protection of refugee rights. This part mainly through the international community on the protection of refugee rights on the basis of legal norms, including human rights law on refugee rights related provisions, specialized conventions and protocols and the main regional documents to discuss; Secondly, through the evaluation of UNHCR, which has made an important contribution to refugee protection; The third part is about the problems encountered in the practice of international refugee rights protection, which combines the international refugee law and the practice of the international community. Based on the theory and practice of refugee rights protection, this paper analyzes the plight of refugee rights protection. Part 4th is the perfection of refugee rights protection, and this part aims at the plight of refugee rights protection. Specific from three main aspects of the improvement of the proposal.
【学位授予单位】：吉林财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D998.2

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