跨界环境损害的国际责任制度研究

发布时间：2018-03-23 14:34

本文选题：跨界环境损害　切入点：国家责任　出处：《烟台大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：现今,频繁发生的跨界环境损害,已经成为了国际社会共同关注的国际环境问题,通过国际立法调整跨界环境损害存在种种局限,因此在实践中,面对跨界环境损害问题,各国更多情况下是通过双方的友好协商解决,国际司法成功案例极少。但解决跨界环境损害问题,司法途径仍是必不可少的,国际社会通过不断地努力,已取得一定研究成果。目前在国际法上,国家为其不法行为承担国家责任、国家为其国际法未加禁止之行为承担国际赔偿责任及民事主体为其实施的危险活动承担民事赔偿责任,为公认的解决跨界环境损害问题的三种方式。由于跨界环境损害造成后果往往是重大的,且损害行为多为国际法不加禁止行为,通过国际诉讼追究跨界环境损害的国际责任存在程序复杂、举证困难等弊端,不利于保护受害国的人身财产安全、恢复受损环境。因此,急需完善跨界环境损害国际责任制度,以运营者民事赔偿责任为主、国家责任为辅的双轨制模式是目前最为有效的解决方式。
[Abstract]:Nowadays, the frequent occurrence of transboundary environmental damage, the international environment problem has become a common concern to the international community, through the International Transboundary Environmental Damage legislation limitations, so in practice, facing the problem of transboundary environmental damage, more countries are settled through friendly negotiation between the two parties, rare cases of international judicial success. But to solve cross-border the problem of environmental damage, the judicial way is still essential, continuous efforts by the international community, has made some achievements. At present in the international law, the state assumed state responsibility for its illegal acts, the national civil liability for dangerous activities which acts not prohibited by international law to undertake international liability and the civil subject the implementation of the three ways to solve the transboundary environmental damage recognized problem. Due to the transboundary environmental damage caused by the consequences are often of great loss, and Harmful acts for the acts not prohibited by international law, international liability for transboundary environmental damage through the international litigation procedure complex, the difficulties of proof and other defects, is not conducive to the protection of the victim's personal and property safety, to restore the damaged environment. Therefore, there is an urgent need to improve the international liability for transboundary environmental damage in the civil liability system, operators, track the mode of state responsibility as is the most effective way.

【学位授予单位】：烟台大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D996.9

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