世界文化遗产的国际法保护

发布时间：2018-03-30 06:44

本文选题：国际环境法　切入点：世界文化遗产　出处：《中国政法大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：当今我们面临的客观事实是,由于不断加剧的自然蜕变过程、过度发展的城市化和旅游业,大规模公共或私人工程的建设等因素,诸多世界文化遗产正遭受着严重威胁。1972年联合国教科文组织于《世界遗产公约》中确立了世界文化遗产的概念及保护内容,对于保护人类共同的文化遗产具有里程碑式的重大意义。随着文化遗产申请项目与日俱增,越来越多文化遗产被列入人类共同遗产的保护范围,保护世界文化遗产成为一项关乎人类共同利益的全球性事务,与世界文化遗产保护有关的国际法理论和制度亦随之不断发展。世界文化遗产保护是一个涉及领域广泛的问题,在世界文化遗产保护进程中,国际法的发展也为文化遗产保护提供了法律机制保障,如何完善相关保护机制使其更好地为保护世界文化遗产提供服务,亦成为国际社会尚待解决的问题。通过对现有的国际法规定进行研究,笔者尝试通过归纳、文献研究等方法,从如下四个部分对世界文化遗产保护进行阐述。本文第一部分,概述世界文化遗产的保护现状,对相关概念、标准以及现状进行分析,提出将世界文化遗产作为人类共同记忆加以保护具有传承多元传统文化,积淀民族精神,保护人文环境等重要意义。目前世界文化遗产保护面对污染、劫掠、武装冲突、不受控制的旅游业、无节制的城市发展和自然灾害等问题,阐述人类共同利益、人类共同遗产等传统理念对保护世界文化遗产的局限性,着重提出人类共同记忆理念界定以及该理念提出的重大现实意义。本文第二部分,详细分析了世界文化遗产国际法保护的依据,围绕《世界遗产公约》及相关规定进行阐述,分析国际法保护体系的框架,介绍从公约到法律文件在相关问题上的原则和措施,为下文论述世界文化遗产的保护机制提供法律依据与实践参照。本文第三部分,具体阐述世界文化遗产的国际法保护机制,分别论述了国际法上针对世界文化遗产方面的组织机制、确认机制、资金机制、监督机制、除名机制,并针对这些机制在各国实践中存在的问题做进一步分析。本文第四部分,针对世界文化遗产保护的进一步完善展开阐述,在前两章分析基础上提出完善世界文化遗产保护的国际法机制,加强法律机制的有效实施这两方面设想。通过解决现有保护机制存在的问题以及强化组织机构职能、公众参与和国际合作等角度提出相应对策,以期对改进世界文化遗产保护有所助益。论文立足于国际法视角,以促进世界文化遗产保护工作的完善为目的,梳理以《世界遗产公约》为中心的立法体系,对相关概念、标准以及实施中的组织机制、确认机制、监测机制等进行分析,建议在国际法机制的健全和推动有效实施方面加以改进,从而更好地保护世界文化遗产,保存与传承其中所凝结的人类共同记忆。
[Abstract]:The objective fact we face today is that due to the ever-increasing process of natural transformation, over-developed urbanization and tourism, large-scale construction of public or private projects, and so on,Many of the world's cultural heritage are under serious threat. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) established the concept and protection of the world cultural heritage in the 1972 UNESCO World Heritage Convention.For the protection of the common cultural heritage of mankind has a landmark significance.With the increasing number of applications for cultural heritage, more and more cultural heritage has been included in the protection of the common heritage of mankind, and the protection of the world cultural heritage has become a global affair of the common interest of mankind.The theory and system of international law related to the protection of world cultural heritage have also developed continuously.The protection of the world cultural heritage is a problem involving a wide range of fields. In the process of the protection of the world cultural heritage, the development of international law also provides a legal mechanism for the protection of the cultural heritage.How to perfect the relevant protection mechanism to provide better service for the protection of the world cultural heritage has also become a problem to be solved by the international community.Through the study of the existing provisions of international law, the author tries to elaborate the protection of world cultural heritage from the following four parts by means of induction, literature research and other methods.The first part of this paper summarizes the current situation of the protection of the world cultural heritage, analyzes the related concepts, standards and present situation, and proposes that the protection of the world cultural heritage as the common memory of mankind has the heritage of multiple traditional cultures and the accumulation of national spirit.Protection of the human environment and other important significance.At present, the protection of the world's cultural heritage, in the face of pollution, looting, armed conflict, uncontrolled tourism, uncontrolled urban development and natural disasters, describes the common interests of mankind.The limitations of traditional concepts such as human common heritage on the protection of world cultural heritage are emphasized. The definition of the concept of human common memory and its great practical significance are put forward.In the second part of this paper, the basis of the international law protection of the world cultural heritage is analyzed in detail, and the framework of the international law protection system is analyzed according to the "World Heritage Convention" and its relevant provisions.This paper introduces the principles and measures on the related issues from the Convention to the legal documents, and provides the legal basis and practical reference for the following discussion on the protection mechanism of the world cultural heritage.In the third part of this paper, the international law protection mechanism of the world cultural heritage is elaborated, and the organization mechanism, the confirmation mechanism, the fund mechanism, the supervision mechanism and the delisting mechanism of the world cultural heritage in international law are discussed respectively.Further analysis is made on the problems existing in the practice of these mechanisms.In the fourth part of this paper, the author expounds the further perfection of the world cultural heritage protection, and puts forward the two tentative ideas of perfecting the international law mechanism of the world cultural heritage protection and strengthening the effective implementation of the legal mechanism on the basis of the analysis of the first two chapters.Through solving the problems existing in the existing protection mechanism and strengthening the functions of the organization, public participation and international cooperation, the corresponding countermeasures are put forward in order to help to improve the protection of the world cultural heritage.Based on the perspective of international law, in order to promote the improvement of the protection of world cultural heritage, the paper combs the legislative system centered on the "World Heritage Convention", and confirms the relevant concepts, standards and organizational mechanisms in implementation.Through the analysis of the monitoring mechanism, it is suggested that the improvement of the mechanism of international law and the promotion of effective implementation should be carried out in order to better protect the world cultural heritage and preserve and inherit the common memory of mankind condensed therein.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D997

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