应对气候变化的国际权利义务配置问题研究

发布时间：2018-04-04 04:20

本文选题：应对气候变化　切入点：权利义务　出处：《中国政法大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：气候变化问题已成为人类社会所面临的最大挑战之一,需要国际社会开展广泛而深入的合作以积极应对。这种国际合作的参与者众多、利益关系纷繁复杂,因而需要国际法来提供规则性保障。而国际权利义务配置的公平性对国际法的效力有较大影响。因此本文以权利义务配置的公平性为线索,考察了《气候变化框架公约》规则体系的权利义务配置状况,分析了权利义务配置的变化趋势,探讨了国际权利义务配置的应然状态。最后提出了公平配置国际权利义务的可行标准。首先,本文探讨了气候变化的性质、特征以及国际法应对气候变化的必然性。而后对国际法应对气候变化的方式进行了分析,认为公平的配置国际权利义务是保证应对气候变化的目标得以实现的关键。其次,本文分析了《气候变化框架公约》、《京都议定书》、《巴厘岛行动计划》、《哥本哈根协议》、《坎昆决议》中国际权利义务配置的实然状态。发现自《巴厘岛行动计划》起,发展中国家减缓气候变化的义务越来越大,而这种变化趋势缺乏公平性。再次,本文在充分考虑相关因素的前提下对国际权利义务配置的应然状态进行了探讨。认为在适应气候变化方面,发达国家应支付发展中国家适应气候变化所需的全部费用。在减缓气候变化方面,发达国家应大幅削减自己的温室气体排放,为发展中国家的经济发展和社会进步留出必要的生态空间;而发展中国家不应承担强制性的量化减缓义务。同时注意到,当发展中国家的温室气体排放量与发达国家趋同时,国际权利义务配置的公平性会随之变得不确定。最后,为使国际权利义务配置的公平性稳定而明确,本文认为应以人均排放权作为国际权利义务配置的标准,并将发展中国家和发达国家的人均累积排放趋同作为权利义务配置的远景目标。
[Abstract]:Climate change has become one of the biggest challenges facing human society.This kind of international cooperation has a large number of participants and complex interests, so it needs international law to provide regular guarantee.The fairness of the allocation of international rights and obligations has a greater impact on the effectiveness of international law.Therefore, based on the fairness of the allocation of rights and obligations, this paper investigates the allocation of rights and obligations in the rules system of the Framework Convention on Climate change, and analyzes the changing trend of the allocation of rights and obligations.This paper probes into the proper state of the allocation of international rights and obligations.Finally, the author puts forward the feasible standards for the fair distribution of international rights and obligations.Firstly, this paper discusses the nature and characteristics of climate change and the inevitability of international law to deal with climate change.Then, the author analyzes the ways in which international law deals with climate change, and points out that a fair allocation of international rights and obligations is the key to the realization of the goal of combating climate change.Secondly, this paper analyzes the actual status of the allocation of international rights and obligations in the Framework Convention on Climate change, the Kyoto Protocol, the Bali Action Plan, the Copenhagen Accord and the Cancun Resolution.It is found that since the Bali Action Plan, developing countries have an increasing obligation to mitigate climate change, a trend that lacks fairness.Thirdly, this paper discusses the proper state of international rights and obligations allocation on the premise of considering the relevant factors.It is considered that in adapting to climate change, developed countries should pay the full cost of adaptation to climate change in developing countries.With regard to climate change mitigation, developed countries should significantly reduce their greenhouse gas emissions, leaving the necessary ecological space for the economic development and social progress of developing countries; developing countries should not assume mandatory quantitative mitigation obligations.It is also noted that the fairness of the allocation of international rights and obligations becomes uncertain when the greenhouse gas emissions of developing countries and developed countries tend to be at the same time.Finally, in order to make the fairness of the allocation of international rights and obligations stable and clear, this paper holds that the per capita emission rights should be regarded as the standard of allocation of international rights and obligations.Moreover, the convergence of per capita cumulative emissions between developing and developed countries is the long-term goal of allocation of rights and obligations.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D996.9

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