国际法视野下的商业方法专利问题研究

发布时间：2018-04-04 08:01

本文选题：商业方法　切入点：专利　出处：《复旦大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：在目前的国际法框架内,原则上一切属于技术领域的发明,无论是产品或工序,都属于可专利性主题的范围。然而,在世界范围内明确将商业方法排除在可专利性主题范围之外的有69个国家,排除计算机软件的也有64个国家。这说明,虽然科学技术的发展日新月异,但是如商业方法、计算机软件等一类与传统物质载体下发明专利不同的客体作为可专利性主题仍存在很大的争议。值得注意的是,在专利法国际协调中发挥最重要作用的美国、欧盟等发达国家或地区均将商业方法纳入了可专利性主题的范围。这一方面基于商业方法作为可专利性主题在国际法框架内的合法性,另一方面也基于其作为可专利性主题有着重要的经济价值和社会价值。尽管如此,商业方法与其他类型的发明在性质上还是有着明显的不同。这使得我们不能简单地将所有商业方法纳入可专利性主题的范畴,而应对其进入可专利性主题范围进行必要的限制。采用何种限制方法,与商业方法在一国社会经济中的重要性和该国专利审查的质量和水平呈现出一定的负相关——即商业方法专利在社会经济中的重要性越高,专利审查质量和水平越高,对商业方法的限制则越少。美国在“比尔斯基”案之后,已经不再将“机器及转化测试”作为唯一标准,转而采用更为灵活的标准,这反映出商业方法在美国社会经济中的重要地位,以及美国专利审查的水平和质量。欧盟自2000年以后也不再全面否定商业方法作为可专利性主题,而是采用了“技术相关”原则的标准,将具备技术特征的商业方法纳入可专利性主题的范围。我国的专利立法对于商业方法并无特别规定,但通过对专利行政管理的研究,本文认为我国在审查标准上也采用了类似于欧盟的“技术相关”原则。本文通过对相关国际法的研究和梳理,认为《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》未明确排除商业方法作为可专利性主题,进而分析了美国、欧盟和中国在《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》的协调下自行决定的对商业方法专利保护的不同制度,最后从经济学角度对商业方法的专利保护合理性和限制性作了分析,并根据商业方法专利在国际范围内的发展趋势,结合商业方法专利的特殊性质和我国的实际情况,提出了适当的完善商业方法专利制度的建议。
[Abstract]:In the current framework of international law, in principle, all inventions in the field of technology, be they products or processes, fall within the scope of patentable subjects.However, 69 countries explicitly exclude business methods from patentable subjects worldwide, and 64 countries exclude computer software.This shows that, although the development of science and technology is changing with each passing day, there are still many controversies on the subject of patentability, such as commercial methods, computer software and other objects which are different from the patent under the traditional material carrier.It is worth noting that the United States, the European Union and other developed countries or regions that play the most important role in the international coordination of patent law have brought business methods into the scope of patentability.On the one hand, it is based on the legitimacy of business method as a patentable subject within the framework of international law, on the other hand, it has important economic and social value as a patentable subject.Nevertheless, business methods differ markedly from other inventions in nature.This makes it impossible for us to simply bring all business methods into the category of patentable subjects, but to limit them to patentable topics.There is a certain negative correlation between the use of restrictive methods and the importance of business methods in the socio-economic context of a country and the quality and level of patent review in that country-that is, the higher the importance of business method patents in the social economy,The higher the quality and level of patent review, the less restrictions on business methods.After the Birsky case, the United States no longer used "machine and transformation tests" as the sole criterion, and instead adopted more flexible standards, which reflected the importance of business methods in the social economy of the United States.And the level and quality of patent reviews in the United States.Since 2000, the European Union has not completely denied the business method as the patentability subject, but has adopted the standard of "technology related" principle, bringing the business method with technical characteristics into the scope of patentability subject.China's patent legislation has no special provisions on business methods, but through the study of patent administration, this paper holds that China has also adopted the "technology related" principle similar to that of the European Union in reviewing standards.By studying and combing the relevant international law, this paper concludes that the Agreement on Trade-Related aspects of intellectual property Rights (trips) does not explicitly exclude commercial methods as a patentable subject, and then analyzes the United States.The EU and China, in coordination with the Agreement on Trade-Related aspects of intellectual property Rights (trips), decide on their own different systems for patent protection of business methods. Finally, from an economic point of view, the EU and China make an analysis of the rationality and limitations of patent protection of business methods.According to the development trend of the commercial method patent in the international scope, combined with the special nature of the business method patent and the actual situation of our country, this paper puts forward some suggestions on how to perfect the business method patent system.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D996.1;D997.1

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