WTO体制下区域一体化保障措施研究

发布时间：2018-04-09 18:45

本文选题：WTO保障措施　切入点：非歧视原则　出处：《华东政法大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：WTO成员作为区域一体化的缔约方应该采取怎样的保障措施?如果美国决定对进口的钢铁实施保障措施,能否将墨西哥和加拿大排除在实施对象范围之外。或者说,美国必须排除《北美自由贸易协定》(简称NAFTA)的缔约方的进口采取保障措施,以确保NAFTA作为“自由贸易区”的地位。或根据WTO《保障措施协议》的规定,美国不得排除NAFTA缔约方采取保障措施,而必须对一正在进口的产品实施,不论该产品的来源。本文共分为五章。本文以论述WTO设置保障措施协议的初衷开始,从GATT1994第19条的“未预见发展”及”GATT义务承担”和保障措施的实施条件的视角论述了实施区域一体化保障措施的可能性。本文第二章讨论了GATT1994第24条与保障措施之间的关系,该章论述了GATT1994第24条第8款是否排除在区域内实施保障措施,GATT1994第24条并不自身禁止对区域一体化之间实施保障措施。GATT1994第24条第款8款允许只要“实质上所有贸易”是自由的,就可以采取一些内部的限制。同时满足一定条件下,GATT1994第24条可以成为违反《保障措施协议》第2条第2款的合法性依据。本文第三章从不同区域一体化实体对保障措施的迥异规定和案例纠纷的实践的两个角度分析区域一体化成员实施保障措施的情况。区域一体化从自身集团利益出发,选择了不同的保障措施模式。本文第四章,分析了WTO专家组和上诉机构解决涉及排除区域贸易成员实施保障措施的实践,因WTO体制下对区域保障措施统一规制的缺乏,使得WTO争端机构在裁决纠纷时踌躇难断。为解决困境,WTO争端机构对区域成员实施保障措施“造出”新的要求,即“平行原则”。该章论述了“平行原则”的要求,并对该原则进行了批评,认为平行原则和WTO《保障措施协议》第2条第2款的非歧视原则是冲突的。本文第五章从保障措施的法律设置以及实践纠纷两个角度分析了中国参与的区域一体化中保障措施的现状,进而分析了中国参与的区域一体化保障措施模式选择。
[Abstract]:What safeguards should WTO members take as parties to regional integration?If the United States decides to impose safeguards on imported steel, it could exclude Mexico and Canada from the scope of implementation.In other words, the United States must exclude imports from parties to the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTAA) to ensure the status of NAFTA as a "free trade area".Or in accordance with the provisions of the WTO safeguards Agreement, the United States shall not exclude the adoption of safeguards by a Contracting Party to NAFTA, but must apply them to a product being imported, regardless of the source of the product.This paper is divided into five chapters.This paper begins with the original intention of the agreement on the establishment of safeguard measures in WTO, and discusses the possibility of implementing regional integration safeguard measures from the perspective of "unforeseen development" and "commitment of GATT obligations" in Article 19 of GATT1994 and the implementation conditions of safeguard measures.The second chapter discusses the relationship between Article 24 of GATT1994 and safeguards.This chapter discusses whether Article 24, paragraph 8, of GATT1994 excludes the application of safeguards in the region. Article 24 of GATT1994 does not in itself prohibit the application of safeguards between regional integration. Article 24, paragraph 8, of GATT1994 allows for the freedom of "substantially all trade".You can take some internal restrictions.Under certain conditions, Article 24 of GATT 1994 may be the basis for violating Article 2 (2) of the safeguards Agreement.The third chapter analyzes the implementation of safeguard measures by different regional integration entities from the two angles of the different regulations of regional integration entities and the practice of case disputes.Regional integration from its own interests of the group, the choice of different safeguard measures.In the fourth chapter, the author analyzes the practice of the WTO expert group and the appellate body to solve the problem of excluding the members of regional trade from implementing the safeguard measures, because of the lack of uniform regulation of the regional safeguard measures under the WTO system.This makes the WTO dispute body hesitant in adjudicating disputes.In order to solve the difficulties, WTO dispute bodies "create" new requirements, namely "parallel principle", for the implementation of safeguard measures to regional members.This chapter discusses the requirements of the "parallel principle" and criticizes it, arguing that the principle of parallelism is in conflict with the principle of non-discrimination in Article 2 (2) of the WTO Agreement on safeguards.The fifth chapter analyzes the current situation of the safeguard measures in the regional integration of China from the perspective of the legal setup and the practical disputes, and then analyzes the choice of the mode of the regional integration safeguard measures in which China participates.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D996.1

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