完善WTO争端解决机制的报复制度

发布时间：2018-04-10 19:04

本文选题：WTO + 报复制度　；参考：《华东政法大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：当下正处于世界经济快速发展的时代，不同国家之间日益频繁的贸易往来，不仅从微观上给各国带来了经济上的利益和文化上的传播，而且从宏观上更好地分配了全球的有限资源，往往使得各方达到互惠互利的结果。这也是为什么各国希望能够加入WTO组织，希望能够通过这种相互约束的方式来促进和维持世界贸易的有序进行。但各国在贸易往来之中，也不免出于各种国内利益的需求或国际环境的考虑而采取破环国际贸易往来平衡的贸易措施，从而引起两个或多个国家之间的纷争。当这种纷争出现在WTO涵盖的协定范围内时，，往往有一方被认为是违反了WTO的涵盖协定，而因这种违反协定的行为而蒙受损失一方则可以求助于WTO争端解决机制下的争端解决机制，在争端解决机制的专家组、上诉机构作出报告，而“败诉方”拒绝执行，“胜诉方”可以向WTO争端解决机构申请报复授权，以此制止违反协定方的行为，同时可从中或多或少的获得一些补偿。由此可知，WTO争端解决机制下的报复制度在维护世界贸易秩序方面起着很重要的作用。该制度的存在对解决争端方的纷争、重新平衡国际贸易秩序确实起到了一定的积极效果。但随着不同争端案例的出现，在报复制度越来越多次的实践应用过程中，WTO的专家组成员、各成员国和学者逐渐发现了一些该报复制度的不足之处，这些不足点往往使得报复制度在应对一些违反协定的措施时显得无能为力。为此，各方纷纷从自己或整个国际经济的角度考虑，提出相关改善WTO下报复制度的意见。本文在阐述WTO争端解决机制下报复制度的不足的基础上，进一步探讨改进和完善WTO下报复制度的提议，并以WTO报复制度的价值目标为导向，分析这些提议的合理性和不合理性。本文的引言部分将报复制度的地位和作用做了初步的介绍，并凸显出WTO争端解决机制下报复制度的独特之处。正文分为三个部分，第一部分对从总体概念、程序和实体角度对WTO争端解决机制下的报复制度进行了简略的说明。第二部分则对WTO下报复制度的主要价值目标进行了分析，认为其当下主要的价值目标为督促违反协定方执行建议和裁决，并附带其他次要价值目标。第三部分，在分析一些案例并阐述各成员国提出的完善报复制度的提议的前提下，以第二部分认定的报复制度的价值目标为导向，分析各种提议的合理性与否，同时表达一些自己的看法，以此试图找到完善WTO争端解决机制下报复制度的方式方法。
[Abstract]:At present, with the rapid development of the world economy, the increasingly frequent trade exchanges between different countries have not only brought economic benefits and cultural dissemination to all countries from a micro perspective,Moreover, the global limited resources are better allocated macroscopically, which makes the parties achieve mutually beneficial results.This is why countries want to join the WTO and hope to promote and maintain the orderly conduct of world trade in this mutually binding way.However, in the course of trade, countries can not avoid taking the trade measures of breaking the balance of international trade out of the needs of various domestic interests or the consideration of international environment, thus causing disputes between two or more countries.When such disputes arise within the scope of the agreement covered by the WTO, one party is often considered to have violated the WTO's coverage agreement.A party who has suffered a loss as a result of this violation of the agreement may resort to the dispute settlement mechanism under the WTO dispute settlement mechanism, where the panel of experts of the dispute settlement mechanism makes a report to the appellate body and the "losing party" refuses to implement it.The "winning party" may apply to the WTO dispute settlement body for an authorization to retaliate in order to stop the breach of the agreement and to obtain more or less some compensation from it.Therefore, the retaliation system under the WTO dispute settlement mechanism plays an important role in maintaining the world trade order.The existence of this system does play a positive role in resolving disputes and rebalancing the international trade order.However, with the emergence of different dispute cases, in the course of more and more practical application of the retaliation system, members of the WTO expert group, member States and scholars have gradually discovered some deficiencies of the retaliation system.These shortcomings often make the retaliation system seem powerless to deal with some measures that violate the agreement.Therefore, from the point of view of their own international economy or the whole international economy, the parties put forward some suggestions on how to improve the retaliation system under WTO.On the basis of expounding the deficiency of the retaliation system under the WTO dispute settlement mechanism, this paper further discusses the proposals to improve and perfect the retaliation system under the WTO, and analyses the rationality and irrationality of these proposals, guided by the value goal of the WTO retaliation system.The introduction of this paper introduces the status and function of retaliation system, and highlights the unique features of revenge system under WTO dispute settlement mechanism.The text is divided into three parts. The first part briefly explains the retaliation system under the WTO dispute settlement mechanism from the overall concept, procedure and entity.The second part analyzes the main value goals of the retaliation system under WTO, and holds that its main value goal is to urge the violators to carry out the recommendations and rulings, and to attach other secondary value objectives.The third part, on the premise of analyzing some cases and expounding the proposal of perfecting the retaliation system put forward by each member country, taking the value target of the retaliation system recognized in the second part as the guidance, analyzing the rationality or not of the various proposals.At the same time, this paper tries to find ways and means to perfect the retaliation system under the dispute settlement mechanism of WTO.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D996.1

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