提单欺诈法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-04-17 00:32

本文选题：国际贸易 + 提单　；参考：《湖南大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：提单作为一种重要的单据，在国际贸易、国际结算和国际海运中发挥着极其重要的作用，它推动了国际贸易的繁荣和海上货物运输的发展。但随着国际经济的发展，随着提单应用范围的扩大，提单被不法分子利用的可能性也越大，不少参与国际贸易各环节的交易主体深受提单欺诈之害。提单欺诈已成为了海事欺诈的主要形式，因提单欺诈引起的海事纠纷往往涉及金额大、范围广，严重影响了提单制度的信誉及提单的正常运作，阻碍了国际贸易的顺利进行。如何解决好提单欺诈的法律与实务问题，是法学界及国际贸易实务界所面临的共同问题。研究提单欺诈相关的法律问题，对加强完善我国的提单立法、规范我国的司法审判实践活动、保护我国对外贸易者的利益，都有极其重要的意义。随着国际贸易的发展，，提单制度不断变化，提单的形式日趋多样化。但一般来讲，提单欺诈包括无单放货、倒签提单和预借提单、保函提单等几种典型形式。国际社会相关的惯例、法律法规及各国国内法对其法律性质及行为人所承担的责任等均做出了不同规定。提单欺诈作为一种跨国性的商业欺诈行为，其产生原因是多方面的。首先，信用证及提单机制本身存在不足。信用证交易的独立性原则和严格相符原则在理论及实务方面都存在一定缺陷，给提单欺诈提供了滋生的土壤，构成了提单欺诈的根源。提单的物权性给提单欺诈提供了有利条件。另外，提单法律尚待完善，国际社会立法不够协调统一、发展中国家立法不够完善健全、国际间监管不力。最后，其它因素也促成了提单欺诈的盛行，如当事人之间信息不对称的存在及国际航运历史的影响。提单欺诈往往会给当事人带来极其严重的危害性后果，我们应该积极采取措施防止避免提单欺诈行为的发生。确立信用证欺诈的例外原则，适时地运用电子提单及海运单取代提单；国际社会和我国自身都要加强反提单欺诈的立法，尤其要完善我国现行的《海商法》并制定单独的提单法；各方当事人在欺诈行为发生前加强防范、欺诈行为发生后积极救济。这样，在司法及实务操作过程中，注意扬长避短，从而充分发挥提单的功能，以促进提单制度的良性发展和国际贸易的日益繁荣。
[Abstract]:As an important document, bill of lading plays an extremely important role in international trade, international settlement and international shipping. It promotes the prosperity of international trade and the development of sea cargo transportation.However, with the development of international economy and the expansion of bill of lading application scope, the possibility of bill of lading being used by illegal elements is also greater, and many trading subjects involved in various links of international trade are harmed by bill of lading fraud.Bill of lading fraud has become the main form of maritime fraud. Maritime disputes caused by bill of lading fraud often involve a large amount of money and a wide range, which seriously affects the credibility of the bill of lading system and the normal operation of the bill of lading, and hinders the smooth progress of international trade.How to solve the legal and practical problems of bill of lading fraud is a common problem faced by the legal circles and international trade practitioners.It is of great significance to study the legal problems related to bill of lading fraud in order to strengthen and perfect the legislation of bill of lading, standardize the judicial trial practice of our country, and protect the interests of our foreign trade people.With the development of international trade, the system of bill of lading is changing and the form of bill of lading is becoming more and more diverse.But generally speaking, bill of lading fraud includes delivery of goods without documents, backdated bill of lading, advance bill of lading, guarantee bill of lading and other typical forms.The relevant international practice, laws and regulations and the domestic laws of various countries have different provisions on their legal nature and the responsibilities of the perpetrators.Bill of lading fraud, as a transnational commercial fraud, has many reasons.Firstly, the mechanism of L / C and B / L is insufficient.The independence principle and strict conformity principle of letter of credit have some defects in theory and practice, which provide breeding ground for bill of lading fraud and form the root of bill of lading fraud.The property right of bill of lading provides favorable conditions for bill of lading fraud.In addition, the law of bill of lading needs to be perfected, the legislation of international society is not coordinated and unified, the legislation of developing countries is not perfect and perfect, and the international supervision is weak.Finally, other factors contribute to the prevalence of bill of lading fraud, such as the existence of information asymmetry between the parties and the influence of the history of international shipping.Bill of lading fraud often brings serious harmful consequences to the parties, we should take active measures to prevent the occurrence of bill of lading fraud.To establish the exception principle of letter of credit fraud, to use electronic bill of lading and ocean bill of lading instead of bill of lading, the international community and our country should strengthen the legislation of anti-bill of lading fraud.In particular, it is necessary to perfect the current Maritime Law of our country and make a separate bill of lading law.In this way, in the course of judicial and practical operation, attention should be paid to the promotion of advantages and disadvantages, so as to give full play to the function of bill of lading, so as to promote the benign development of bill of lading system and the prosperity of international trade.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D996.19

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