论《鹿特丹规则》下批量合同对合同自由的引入

发布时间：2018-04-24 00:18

本文选题：《鹿特丹规则》 + 批量合同　；参考：《天津师范大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：联合国大会于2008年通过了《联合国全程或部分海上国际货物运输合同公约》,亦被称为《鹿特丹规则》。《鹿特丹规则》的创举在于它突破了以往的海上货物运输法对合同自由进行限制的传统,规定了批量合同制度并允许当事人以自由协商的方式订立合同。批量合同在国际航运实践中已被普遍使用并产生了良好的效果,但目前的国际海上货物运输法以及大部分国家的国内法都未将其纳入调整范围,形成了法律制度上的空白。《鹿特丹规则》适时的填补了这个空白,对于推动国际航运业的发展有重要意义。本文共分为三个部分,第一部分阐述了现行海上货物运输公约对合同自由原则的限制,《鹿特丹规则》为了适应国际海运市场发展的新趋势,创造性的规定了批量合同制度,并引入合同自由原则,打破了传统海上货物运输法限制合同自由的做法,这种自由的回归是理性的、适度的。第二部分从国际社会对批量合同制度引入合同自由原则产生的争议入手,即批量合同的定义是否过于宽泛、批量合同制度能否充分保护中小货主以及第三人的利益。结合国际海上货物运输的发展现状和《鹿特丹规则》关于批量合同的具体法律条文进行论述,进而阐明公约条款能够比较充分的保护中小货主和第三人的利益,但公约应对批量合同的定义加以必要的限定,提高批量合同的门槛。第三部分主要论述了批量合同引入合同自由后可能会对我国航运业以及承托双方尤其是中小托运人产生的影响,并从多个方面为我国的航运业和中小托运人提供了诸多应对之策。随后分别从经济实效和法律实效两个方面对批量合同制度的合理性进行分析,最后根据《鹿特丹规则》中批量合同的相关内容以及我国航运业的现实状况,对我国《海商法》吸纳批量合同进行制度设计,旨在构建起一种既能尊重当事人意思自治,又能充分顾及到合同公平与正义的批量合同制度,从而推动我国海上货物运输业的蓬勃发展。
[Abstract]:The United Nations General Assembly adopted the United Nations Convention on contracts for the International Carriage of goods wholly or partly by Sea in 2008, also known as the Rotterdam rules. The tradition of restrictions on the freedom of contract, The volume contract system is established and the parties are allowed to conclude the contract by free negotiation. Volume contracts have been widely used in international shipping practice and have produced good results. However, the current international law on the carriage of goods by sea and the domestic laws of most countries have not incorporated them into the scope of the adjustment. The Rotterdam rules fill this gap in time, and it is of great significance to promote the development of international shipping industry. This paper is divided into three parts. In the first part, the restriction of the freedom of contract principle of the current convention on the carriage of goods by sea is expounded. In order to adapt to the new trend of the development of the international shipping market, the Rotterdam rules creatively stipulate the volume contract system. The principle of freedom of contract is introduced to break the practice of restricting the freedom of contract in the traditional law of carriage of goods by sea. The return of this freedom is rational and moderate. The second part starts with the controversy that the international community introduces the principle of freedom of contract into the volume contract system, that is, whether the definition of volume contract is too broad, and whether the volume contract system can fully protect the interests of small and medium-sized cargo owners and third parties. Combined with the development of international carriage of goods by sea and the specific legal provisions of the Rotterdam rules on volume contracts, it is expounded that the provisions of the Convention can fully protect the interests of small and medium-sized cargo owners and third parties. However, the convention should limit the definition of volume contract and raise the threshold of volume contract. The third part mainly discusses the impact that the volume contract may have on the shipping industry and the supporting parties, especially the small and medium-sized shippers, when the volume contract is introduced into the contract freedom. And from many aspects for China's shipping industry and small and medium shippers to provide a number of countermeasures. Then the rationality of the volume contract system is analyzed from the aspects of economic effectiveness and legal effectiveness. Finally, according to the relevant contents of the volume contract in the Rotterdam rules and the actual situation of the shipping industry in China, In order to build up a mass contract system that respects the autonomy of the parties and fully takes into account the fairness and justice of the contract, the system of absorbing bulk contract is designed in order to establish the system of mass contract in order to respect the autonomy of the parties concerned and fully take into account the fairness and justice of the contract. So as to promote the vigorous development of China's maritime cargo transport industry.
【学位授予单位】：天津师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D996.19

【相似文献】