WTO争端预防法律制度研究

发布时间：2018-05-13 00:37

本文选题：WTO法 + 争端预防　；参考：《湖南师范大学》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：经过几十年的发展,WTO已初步形成了一套可以防范贸易争端、摩擦的制度体系。该制度体系由政策协调、多边规制和强制纠偏等三大制度组成。该文围绕上述三大制度体系,运用利益分析法对WTO框架下的争端预防制度问题进行了多方位的探讨。第一章《对国际贸易争端预防问题的多维透视》对WTO框架下争端预防的一些理论问题做了初步概述。从利益分析的视角看,国际贸易争端是一种以法律形式表现出来的、体现于国际贸易关系方面的利益矛盾和冲突。国家间利益冲突是贸易争端形成的根源。WTO争端预防制度有助于消除冲突隐患、保护各方利益、改良国际贸易环境、维护国际贸易法制秩序。缓解乃至消除利益矛盾和冲突是预防贸易争端的基础。第二章《基于政策协调的WTO争端预防制度》探讨了GATT/WTO政策协调机制中的争端预防功能。WTO体制下的贸易政策协调的本质表现为成员方之间的利益协调。WTO体制下的利益协调是通过政策协调体制来实现的。世界经济的相互依存性使得国际经济贸易政策协调具有必要性和必然性。GATT/WTO框架下贸易政策协调的基本途径是多边贸易谈判。WTO框架下的贸易政策协调可以在平衡利益关系、防止利益受损、促进利益目标实现等方面发挥积极作用。贸易政策的国际协调有助于消解或缓和成员间的利益矛盾,减少或避免国际贸易争端。该协调机制为改善国际贸易环境、创建国际贸易法治秩序作出了特殊的贡献。但该协调机制的内在缺陷也影响了其在争端预防方面的作用发挥。第三章《基于多边规制的WTO争端预防制度》研究了WTO法律规范在预防贸易争端方面的功能和机理。WTO法律规范所调整和规制的是各成员的贸易政策。作为对成员经济贸易政策措施进行再规制的WTO规制显示出鲜明的多边规制特征。从法律的角度来考量,wto框架下的多边规制的本质是以法定义务的方式限制成员方的权利范围,规范和引导其政策行为,确保一成员的利益不因其他成员对权利的滥用而遭受侵害。在制度设计和实践中,wto将督促成员遵守适用协定项下的规则和承诺、维护各方在多边贸易体制下的权益作为避免贸易争端的根本之道。wto多边规制制度在预防贸易争端方面的效果整体较好。第四章《基于强制纠偏的wto争端预防制度》考察了wto强制纠偏制度在预防争端中的功效。对成员偏差政策进行强制纠偏的目标就是保障各方的法律利益,维护多边贸易体制下具有互惠性特征的利益平衡关系。dsm框架下的强制纠偏从实质上来说就是通过修正、调整成员不当(违法)政策措施来防止该政策措施可能对其他成员利益的损害。总体来说,强制纠偏制度在纠正和调整成员方不当贸易政策、维持国际贸易秩序、预防贸易争端方面是功不可没的。从国际贸易迅速发展的态势可以看出,政策纠偏体制下的争端预防制度在预防贸易争端方面的功效还是较大的。第五章《wto法律制度在争端预防方面的制度性缺陷》剖析了wto法律制度在预防贸易争端方面的制度性缺陷。wto某些规定具有较强的主观性、不严密性和不合理性;wto体制下的法律责任不严,违反协定义务的成本低,法律责任承担方式单一;wto审议监督运作体系不健全,尚未建立起对成员政策进行事前审议的制度;成员在dsm之外实施反贸易措施,游离于dsm之外的反倾销(反补贴)措施成为贸易争端的主要隐患。诸如此类的制度性缺陷不利于、甚至阻碍wto法律制度对贸易争端的预防和控制。第六章《改进wto框架下争端预防制度的设想》就完善wto争端预防制度进行了初步设想。该文建议,应在平衡权利义务关系基础上实现制度正义,使wto法律符合经济理性和法律理性的双重要求;推进政策协调体制的合法性建设和效率建设,在wto体制内建立“双层”协调决策体制;严格多边体制下的法律责任追究制度,提高违规成本;将贸易救济措施纳入DSM框架,规定非经DSB授权不得实施贸易救济措施;对成员贸易政策试行事先审议制度,健全“三位一体”的审议体系,并让专项审议机构开展独立、中立并具有约束力的政策审议和政策监督。
[Abstract]:After decades of development, WTO has initially formed a system that can prevent trade disputes and frictions. The system is composed of three systems, such as policy coordination, multilateral regulation and compulsory rectifying. This paper has carried out a multidimensional approach to the dispute prevention system under the WTO frame around the above three system systems. The first chapter, the multidimensional perspective on the prevention of international trade disputes, a preliminary overview of some theoretical issues of dispute prevention under the framework of WTO. From the perspective of interest analysis, international trade disputes is a legal form of interest and conflict reflected in international trade relations. The.WTO dispute prevention system is the root cause of the formation of trade disputes, which helps to eliminate the hidden danger of conflict, protect the interests of all parties, improve the international trade environment, maintain the legal order of international trade, alleviate and even eliminate the contradiction and conflict of interests as the basis for the prevention of trade disputes. The second chapter "the WTO dispute prevention system based on policy coordination" has discussed GATT/WTO The essence of the trade policy coordination under the.WTO system of the policy coordination mechanism is that the interests coordination under the.WTO system of the member Fang Zhijian is realized through the policy coordination system. The interdependence of the world economy makes the coordination of the international economic and trade policy necessary and inevitable.GATT/WTO frame The basic way for the coordination of trade policy under the framework is that the coordination of trade policy under the.WTO framework of multilateral trade negotiations can play an active role in balancing interests, preventing loss of interests and promoting the realization of interest goals. International coordination of trade policy helps to eliminate or mitigate the conflicts of interests among members and to reduce or avoid international trade disputes. This coordination mechanism has made a special contribution to the improvement of the international trade environment and the establishment of the rule of law order in international trade. But the internal defects of the coordination mechanism also affect its role in the prevention of disputes. The third chapter, the WTO dispute prevention system based on multilateral regulation, has studied the merits of the WTO legal norms in the prevention of trade disputes. The regulation and regulation of the.WTO legal norms of energy and mechanism is the trade policy of the members. The WTO regulation, as a re regulation of the policies and measures for the economic and trade policy of members, shows distinct characteristics of the multilateral regulation. From the legal point of view, the essence of the multilateral regulation under the framework of WTO is to limit the rights of the members by means of legal obligation. In the design and practice of the system, WTO will urge members to comply with the rules and commitments under the applicable agreement and safeguard the rights and interests of all parties under the multilateral trading system as the fundamental way of avoiding trade disputes,.Wto multilateral rules, in the design and practice of the system. The effect of the system in the prevention of trade disputes is better. The fourth chapter, the WTO dispute prevention system based on compulsory correction, examines the effectiveness of the WTO compulsory rectifying system in the prevention of disputes. The objective of coercive correction to the policy of member deviation is to safeguard the legal interests of all parties and maintain the reciprocal characteristics under the multilateral trading system. The coercive correction under the framework of.Dsm is, in essence, by revising and adjusting members' improper policy measures to prevent the possible damage to the interests of other members. In general, the compulsory rectifying system is correcting and adjusting member Fang Bu's trade policy, maintaining international trade order and preventing trade. With the rapid development of international trade, it can be seen that the effectiveness of the dispute prevention system under the system of policy correction in the prevention of trade disputes is still larger. The fifth chapter analysis of the system of the WTO legal system in the prevention of trade disputes Some of the provisions of sexual defect.Wto have strong subjectivity, imprecision and imperfection; the legal responsibility under the WTO system is not strict, the cost of violating the obligations of the agreement is low and the way of liability for legal responsibility is unitary; the system of WTO deliberation and supervision is not sound, and the system of deliberation on the policy of members has not been established; the members carry out anti trade outside the DSM. The anti dumping (anti subsidy) measures that are free from DSM have become the main hidden danger of trade disputes. Such institutional defects are not conducive to the prevention and control of the WTO legal system on trade disputes. The sixth chapter, the tentative idea of improving the system of dispute prevention under the framework of WTO, has carried out a tentative idea on the improvement of the WTO dispute prevention system. The article suggests that the system justice should be realized on the basis of the balance of rights and obligations, that the WTO law should meet the dual requirements of economic rationality and legal rationality, to promote the legal construction and efficiency construction of the policy coordination system, to establish a "double level" Coordination Decision System in the WTO system, and to improve the legal responsibility investigation system under the strict multilateral system and improve the system. Violation costs; incorporate trade relief measures into the DSM framework, stipulate that no trade relief measures can be implemented without the authorization of the DSB; a pre deliberation system on members' trade policies, a perfect "Trinity" deliberation system, and an independent, neutral and binding policy deliberation and policy supervision of a special deliberative institution.

【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D996.1

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