WTO争端解决中的举证责任问题研究

发布时间：2018-05-15 19:21

本文选题：举证责任 + 分配规则　；参考：《安徽财经大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：世界贸易组织(下文简称WTO)争端解决机制自诞生以来已成为目前行之有效的解决贸易争端的机制之一。在WTO解决争端过程中,举证责任规则最为重要。因为它直接关系到争端当事方实体权利的实现,也直接影响到案件的最终结果。本文从英美法系和大陆法系关于举证责任的理论,引出WTO争端解决中举证责任的确立、分配与证明标准,阐明争端解决程序中证明责任内涵的独特性。接着论述了WTO争端解决中举证责任的分配规则,包括一般的“谁主张、谁举证”分配原则和特殊的“举证责任倒置规则”,并介绍WTO争端解决中举证责任证明程度,从违约之诉的“初步证明标准”到非违约之诉的“详细正当理由”,说明在不同类型的争端解决中对于提供证明的程度标准存在一定差异。本文对举证责任分配制度及证明程度进行评析之后,指出了WTO争端解决机制中举证责任规则存在的若干缺陷:举证责任分配的一般规则在现实中存在着容易被滥用被规避的问题;虽然特殊的倒置规则弥补了一般规则的某些缺陷,但其依然存在责任分配不公和适用范围过于狭窄的现状。相比,举证证明程度的规则更是存在着诸多不足:违约之诉适用的初步证明标准是否可以满足举证责任的证明程度有待商榷,且在初步证明标准的衡量上专家组自由裁量权过大;非违约之诉适用的详细正当理由标准在适用中过于严苛,不利于双方权利义务的对等。最后,针对举证责任规则存在的问题,本文认为首先应当发挥“谁主张,谁举证”基本分配原则的指引作用,制定完善的“初步证据”标准,从而形成符合争端解决机制自身条件的证据规则。
[Abstract]:The World Trade Organization (WTO) dispute settlement mechanism has become one of the effective trade dispute settlement mechanisms since its birth. In the process of WTO dispute settlement, the rule of burden of proof is the most important. Because it is directly related to the realization of the substantive rights of the parties to the dispute, but also directly affects the final outcome of the case. Based on the theory of burden of proof in Anglo-American law system and civil law system, this paper introduces the establishment, distribution and proof standard of burden of proof in WTO dispute settlement, and clarifies the uniqueness of the connotation of burden of proof in dispute settlement procedure. Then it discusses the distribution rules of the burden of proof in the WTO dispute settlement, including the general principle of "who claims, who proves the proof" and the special "rule of inversion of the burden of proof", and introduces the proof degree of the burden of proof in the WTO dispute settlement. From the standard of preliminary proof of action of breach of contract to the standard of detailed justification of action of non-breach of contract, it is shown that there are some differences in the standard of degree of proof in different types of dispute settlement. After analyzing the distribution system of burden of proof and the degree of proof, This paper points out some defects in the rule of burden of proof in WTO dispute settlement mechanism: the general rule of burden of proof is easy to be abused and evaded in reality, although the special inversion rule makes up for some defects of the general rule. But it still exists the unfair distribution of responsibility and the narrow scope of application. Compared with the rule of proof degree, there are many shortcomings: whether the preliminary proof standard applied in the action of breach of contract can satisfy the proof degree of the burden of proof is open to question. Moreover, the panel of experts has too much discretion to measure the preliminary standard of proof, and the standard of detailed justification applied to non-breach of contract is too strict in the application, which is not conducive to the reciprocity of rights and obligations of both parties. Finally, in view of the problems existing in the rules of burden of proof, this paper holds that the first step should be to give play to the guiding role of the basic allocation principle of "who claims, who proves", and to formulate a perfect standard of "prima facie". Thus forms the evidence rule which accords with the dispute settlement mechanism itself condition.
【学位授予单位】：安徽财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D996.1

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