论Trips协议下气候友好技术向发展中国家的转移

发布时间：2018-05-15 21:33

本文选题：气候友好技术 + TRIPS协议　；参考：《华中科技大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：气候变化是当前国际社会普遍关注的重大全球性问题,发展中国家为减缓及适应气候变化做出了很大的努力。对于发展中国家所作的这些努力来说,国际知识产权制度的修改对其有着至关重要的意义。知识产权对经济发展及环境保护均有着重要的意义,这是因为知识产权能够影响发展中国家获得及运用先进技术。许多气候友好技术(CFT)就在这些先进技术中,CFT通过降低污染、提高生产效率、提升能源利用率及促进碳捕捉等方式实现限制温室气体的排放。发展中国家急需这些技术去支持可持续性发展。但是,大部分气候友好技术都集中在发达国家,而向发展中国家进行的技术转移又不够充分(世界银行,2010年数据)。世界贸易组织(WTO)制定的《与贸易有关的知识产权协议》(TRIPS)是最重要的全球知识产权协议。虽然知识产权的改革还有其他途径,但关于知识产权对经济发展、技术转移及公共健康影响的讨论焦点却始终聚集在TRIPS协议上。尽管人们对CFT转移问题给予了一定的关注,但在世界贸易组织内部及外部对有关气候友好技术转移的政策讨论仍然非常少。本文对知识产权与技术转移的关系进行了探究,对TRIPS中与CFT转移的相关条款一一进行了阐述,讨论了通过利用、修改及规避TRIPS协议而推动CFT转移的前景。第一部分对相关术语进行了界定,介绍了有关CFT、技术转移及TRIPS的背景知识,列出了CFT转移的意义及面临的障碍,并对国际社会过去所作的努力进行了总结。第二部分对TRIPS协议中与技术转移相关的内容进行了详细研究。第三部分对TRIPS中的弹性规定、TRIPS中潜在的可修改内容及其它替代制度进行了讨论,这里的其他替代制度是指先前存在或者假设的能够与TRIPS协同作用或自己单独作用促进技术转移的制度。最后,第四部分介绍了为确保CFT技术转移数量充足所需的其他同步政策。本论文得到的结论是在现有的知识产权制度下,CFT转移并没有得到足够的推动。公共健康已可以不受知识产权法规的约束,跟随着这一发展趋势,工业化国家及发展中国家共同承担着修改TRIPS协议及国内法律以解决气候变化问题的责任。这个目标的实现需要WTO内部和外部同时共同的努力。为了使向发展中国家进行CFT的转移目标得到切实的实现,我们需要做出坚定的、可量化的并且能够被认可的承诺。
[Abstract]:Climate change is a major global issue that the international community is paying close attention to. Developing countries have made great efforts to mitigate and adapt to climate change. For these efforts by developing countries, the revision of the international intellectual property regime is of vital importance to them. Intellectual property rights are of great importance to economic development and environmental protection because they can affect the access and use of advanced technologies in developing countries. Many climate-friendly technologies (CFT) limit greenhouse gas emissions by reducing pollution, improving production efficiency, increasing energy efficiency and promoting carbon capture among these advanced technologies. Developing countries urgently need these technologies to support sustainable development. However, most climate-friendly technologies are concentrated in developed countries and the transfer of technology to developing countries is inadequate (World Bank, 2010 data). The Agreement on Trade-Related aspects of intellectual property Rights (trips) developed by the World Trade Organization (WTO) is the most important global intellectual property agreement. Although there are other ways to reform intellectual property rights, the focus of discussion on the impact of intellectual property rights on economic development, technology transfer and public health has always been on the TRIPS agreement. Despite the attention paid to the issue of CFT transfer, the policy discussion on climate-friendly technology transfer within and outside the World Trade Organization is still very rare. This paper probes into the relationship between intellectual property rights and technology transfer, expounds the relevant articles of CFT transfer in TRIPS, and discusses the prospect of promoting CFT transfer by using, modifying and evading TRIPS protocol. The first part defines the relevant terms, introduces the background knowledge of CFT, technology transfer and TRIPS, lists the significance and obstacles of CFT transfer, and summarizes the past efforts made by the international community. In the second part, the content related to technology transfer in TRIPS protocol is studied in detail. In the third part, the potential modifiable contents and other alternative systems in trips are discussed. Other alternative systems here refer to pre-existing or hypothetical systems that facilitate technology transfer in synergy with TRIPS or by themselves. Finally, the fourth part describes other synchronization policies needed to ensure sufficient CFT technology transfer. The conclusion of this paper is that CFT transfer has not been promoted enough under the existing intellectual property system. Public health can no longer be bound by intellectual property laws and regulations. Following this trend, industrialized countries and developing countries share the responsibility to amend the TRIPS agreement and domestic laws to solve the problem of climate change. The achievement of this goal requires the joint efforts of WTO both inside and outside. In order for the transfer of CFT to developing countries to be realized, we need to make firm, quantifiable and recognizable commitments.
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D997.1

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