国际船舶融资租赁若干法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-06-04 05:42

本文选题：国际船舶融资租赁 + 船舶登记　；参考：《浙江大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：在我国造船业和国际航运业的发展的同时,许多造船企业以及航运公司遇到了自身发展所需要的资金不足的情况,越来越多的造船企业和航运公司开始寻求新的融资融物的方式以解决资金带来的束缚。正是因为在这样的背景之下,国际船舶融资租赁在我国开始被造船企业和航运公司用以解决资金问题,并解决融资方式单一的困境。但是国际船舶融资租赁在我国的发展的时间比较短暂,我国也没有相应的立法用以规范船舶融资租赁的相关的内容,这样的法律环境对国际船舶融资租赁在我国的进一步发展产生诸多的不利影响。因此只有广泛深入地研究其他国家或者国际组织对于此项业务的规定以及国际上的研究成果,完善我国的国际船舶融资租赁的法律环境,才能为我国的造船及航运事业保驾护航。因为融资租赁作为一种国际普遍适用的融资手段,其法律关系比较复杂,而船舶融资租赁将融资对象特定化为船舶,这样就将融资租赁法律关系与船舶相关的法律关系做了融合,加深了理论研究以及实践操作的难度。本文笔者将我国的法律法规与理论研究与国外的理论与法律法规相结合,提出一些自己的建议。1.国际船舶融资租赁当中的船舶登记制度。因为在国际船舶融资租赁当中会涉及船舶在出租人所在国以及承租人所在国进行“双重登记”的问题,但是我国又不允许船舶“双重国籍”的存在,所以如何将所有权登记与融资租赁登记进行协调就成了国际船舶融资租赁业务开展的首要任务。因此本人尝试建立国际船舶融资租赁登记制度的架构。如果将船舶从国外租入我国,出租人应当先将船舶的原登记国国籍进行中止或者封存,承租人凭船舶融资租赁证明到承租人所在国的登记机关申请融资租赁登记。若将船舶租出国外,出租人应当到我国的船舶登记机关将船舶的中国国籍进行封存或者中止,并书面申请融资租赁的证明文件。2.国际船舶融资租赁当中各方当事人的权利与义务,以及权益遭到损害时的救济手段。权利与义务是一项法律关系的核心内容,国际船舶融资租赁中出租人和承租人处于不同的国家,所以如何保护彼此的权利与义务成了阐明国际船舶融资租赁法律关系的重点。在国际船舶融资租赁关系中,承租人具有经营使用船舶的权利同时承担保管船舶以及按期支付租金的义务；出租人不承担船舶的瑕疵担保责任,而是由供货方向出租人以及承租人同时承担瑕疵担保责任。在供货人的过失造成出租人对承租人违约时,我们要分清出租人是否构成根本违约。依据违约程度的不同,承租人可以选择终止合同或者继续履行责任。承租人不能按期交付租金时,也应当区分是否构成根本违约,出租人有加速支付租金的请求权以及终止合同的权利。3.船舶碰撞产生的责任承担。因为船舶碰撞会产生船舶碰撞责任以及油污损害的责任,在国际船舶容易租赁的法律关系中,以上两种责任应该由谁承担,成为了海上风险责任划分的重点。船舶的碰撞责任应当根据实际使用人承担责任的原则,即承租人应当承担碰撞产生的损失；船舶的油污损害,应当由船舶的所有人、承租人、经营人等船舶方承担连带责任。4.选择法院管辖以及适用法律问题。因为出租人和承租人分属不同的国家,可以允许出租人和承租人自由选择有利于自身的管辖法院以及适用的法律。
[Abstract]:At the same time in the development of China's shipbuilding and international shipping industry, many shipbuilding enterprises and shipping companies have met the shortage of funds needed for their own development. More and more shipbuilding and shipping companies have begun to seek new financing ways to solve the bondage of funds. The ship financing lease has been used by shipbuilding enterprises and shipping companies in our country to solve the problem of funds and solve the plight of a single financing way. However, the development time of international financial leasing in China is relatively short, and there is no corresponding legislation to regulate the related contents of the financial leasing of ships, such a legal environment. The international ship financing lease has many adverse effects on the further development of our country, so it is only to study the regulations of other countries or international organizations on this business and the international research results, and to perfect the legal environment of the international ship financing lease in our country, so as to make the shipbuilding and shipping cause of our country. Escort.
Because the financing lease is a kind of universal applicable financing means, its legal relationship is more complex, and the financing lease of the ship is specific to the ship, so it combines the legal relationship with the ship related legal relationship, which deepens the difficulty of theoretical research and practice.
In this paper, the author combines China's laws and regulations and theoretical research with foreign theories and laws and regulations, and puts forward some suggestions on the ship registration system in.1. international ship financing lease, because it involves the "double registration" of the ship in the country of the lessor and the country of the lessee in the international ship financing lease. But China does not allow the existence of "dual nationality" in our country, so how to coordinate ownership registration and financing lease registration is the primary task of international ship financing leasing business. So I try to establish the framework of international ship financing lease registration system. The lessor should first suspend or seal the nationality of the original registration country of the ship, and the lessee shall apply for the registration of the financial lease on the basis of the ship financing lease to the registration authority of the lessee's country. If the ship is leased abroad, the lessor shall seal or suspend the Chinese nationality of the ship to the ship registration authority of our country, and write it in writing. The rights and obligations of parties in the international ship financing lease and the relief means when the rights and interests are damaged. Rights and obligations are the core contents of a legal relationship. The lessor and the lessee in international ship financing lease are in different countries, so how to protect each other's rights in the international ship financing lease,.2. In the international ship financing lease, the lessee has the right to operate the ship and the obligation to pay the rent at the same time; the lessor does not bear the liability for the warranty of the ship's defect, but is the lessor and the lessee in the direction of supply. When the buyer's fault causes the lessor's breach of the lessee, we should distinguish whether the lessor constitutes a fundamental breach of contract. According to the degree of breach, the lessee may choose to terminate the contract or continue to perform the responsibility. If the lessee can not deliver the rent on time, it should also distinguish whether it constitutes a fundamental violation. The lessor has the right to accelerate the payment of the rent and the right to terminate the contract, the right.3. is responsible for the collision, because the collision will produce the responsibility of the collision and the oil pollution. In the legal relationship of the international ship's easy lease, who should bear the above two responsibilities and become the division of the marine risk liability. The responsibility of the collision of the ship should be based on the principle of the liability of the actual user, that is, the lessee should bear the loss caused by the collision; the oil pollution damage of the ship should be taken by the owner, the lessee, the operator and other ships of the ship for the joint and several liability of the.4. to choose the jurisdiction of the court and the applicable legal issues. People belong to different countries. They can allow the lessor and the lessee to freely choose the courts of their own interests and the applicable laws.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D996.19

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