非传统安全威胁下海外公民生命权保护研究

发布时间：2018-06-13 08:58

本文选题：非传统安全 + 海外公民　；参考：《辽宁大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：当今世界的国家利益正在进行着微妙的调整和变化，海外利益不断地延伸。在此大背景下，，走出国门的人数越来越多，但他们在国外面临的形势却不容乐观。仅以2012年为例，一名法国女记者开罗直播报道时遇袭、阿富汗连发袭警事件导致9人遇害、中国福建一家人在南非遇害，而这只是其中的一小部分事件。以疾病蔓延、环境恶化、全球变暖等为标志，非传统安全问题成为日益突出的新威胁。如何保护海外公民的生命权是各国必须思考的问题，同时也是践行人权保护的重点问题。非传统安全威胁下保护海外公民生命权是非常必要的，在这方面，各国的具体做法虽有不同，但主流都是加强对海外公民生命权的保护。当前，在取得一定进展的同时，也存在诸多的问题。海外利益作为国家利益的一部分，受多重因素的影响，它具有范围的动态性、形式的多样性、威胁来源的广泛性等特点，对其保护日益复杂化。保护本国国民在海外的生命权已成为国家海外利益的重要组成部分，但对海外公民生命权的保护也面临着发展的阻力。本文梳理了现有的国际公约、国际条约中关于生命权保护的内容，结合非传统安全威胁的复杂多变性来阐述海外公民生命权的保护问题。文章分为四部分：第一部分首先分析了非传统安全的涵义及其与传统安全的不同，概括出了非传统安全的特点，接着论述了生命权在人权中的重要地位，从而引出海外公民生命权在非传统安全威胁下受到的影响。第二部分主要分析了当前国际法对对公民生命权的规定，并主要以日本、美国及欧盟为例国籍国保护海外公民的措施进行分析。第三部分阐述了国际社会在保护海外公民生命权方面的传统做法，笔者介绍了三种主要的保护方式即外交保护、领事保护、军事保护。这些方式方法在保护海外公民权益上发挥了重要的作用，但在非传统威胁下的今天，这些方式方法的保护效力显然不足。第四部分从国内和国际两个方面论述了中国海外公民生命权保护的现状及完善的建议，这是本文非常重要的一部分，笔者认为中国在国内需要设立侨民法并使其与国际人权法接轨，从而更好地应对海外突发事件，及时有效地保护海外公民的生命权。
[Abstract]:The national interests of today's world are undergoing subtle adjustments and changes, and overseas interests continue to extend. Against this background, more and more people go abroad, but the situation they face abroad is not optimistic. In 2012, for example, a French woman reporter was attacked during a live report in Cairo in which nine people were killed in a series of attacks on police in Afghanistan, and a family in Fujian Province, China, was killed in South Africa. This is only a small part of the incident. With disease spreading, environmental deterioration, global warming as the symbol, non-traditional security issues have become increasingly prominent new threats. How to protect the right to life of overseas citizens is not only a problem that all countries must think about, but also a key issue in the practice of human rights protection. It is very necessary to protect the right to life of overseas citizens under the threat of non-traditional security. In this respect, the specific practices of different countries are different, but the mainstream is to strengthen the protection of the right to life of overseas citizens. At present, while making certain progress, there are also many problems. As a part of national interests, overseas interests are affected by many factors, which have the characteristics of dynamic scope, diversity of forms and wide range of threat sources. The protection of the right to life of nationals abroad has become an important part of the interests of the country overseas, but the protection of the right to life of overseas citizens is also facing the resistance of development. This paper combs the existing international conventions and international treaties on the protection of the right to life, combined with the complex variability of non-traditional security threats to expound the protection of the right to life of overseas citizens. The article is divided into four parts: the first part analyzes the meaning of non-traditional security and its difference from traditional security, summarizes the characteristics of non-traditional security, and then discusses the importance of the right to life in human rights. This leads to the influence of the right to life of overseas citizens under the threat of non-traditional security. The second part mainly analyzes the provisions of the current international law on the right to life of citizens, and mainly takes Japan, the United States and the European Union as examples to analyze the measures taken by countries of nationality to protect overseas citizens. The third part describes the international community in the protection of the right to life of overseas citizens in the traditional practice, the author introduced three main forms of protection, namely diplomatic protection, consular protection, military protection. These ways and methods play an important role in protecting the rights and interests of overseas citizens, but under the non-traditional threat today, the protection effectiveness of these ways and methods is obviously insufficient. The fourth part discusses the status quo and suggestions of the protection of the right to life of Chinese overseas citizens from both domestic and international aspects, which is a very important part of this paper. The author thinks that China needs to set up the diaspora law in China and bring it into line with the international human rights law, so as to better deal with overseas emergencies and protect the right to life of overseas citizens in a timely and effective manner.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D998.2

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