TRIPS协定下的药品强制许可问题研究

发布时间：2018-06-13 11:19

本文选题：药品强制许可 + 药品专利保护　；参考：《苏州大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：为消除药品专利对WTO各成员尤其是发展中的成员在应对公共健康危机时所产生的严重阻碍，TRIPS理事会于2001年6月首度在公共健康框架下讨论知识产权议题。尽管TRIPS协定议定书目前尚未生效，但解决发展中国家与最不发达国家公共健康问题在事实上和法律上已无障碍。不过，到目前为止，却鲜有国家实际予以适用，其深层次的原因早已超出知识产权或相关法律的范畴，更多的是有关国家的政治、经济、文化等多方面的因素。解决药品可及性这个问题的关键就在于如何有效的降低药品的价格和增加药品的供给。虽然解决公共健康危机有多种途径，如强制许可、平行进口、差别定价等，，但我们可以看到在现实中这些途径都未能有效的解决发展中国家和最不发达国家药品可及性问题。涉及到我国的公共健康与药品可及性的问题，需要注意的是我国制药企业虽然具有较强的仿制能力，在应对公共健康危机时具有较强的应变能力，但创新能力依然不足，这极大地制约了我国药品可及性的长远发展，同时还制约了我国依照TRIPS议定书的规定向国外出口强制许可药品的能力。因此，我国制药企业要及早的走上自主创新的道路。
[Abstract]:In order to eliminate the serious hindrance caused by pharmaceutical patents to WTO members, especially developing members, to deal with the public health crisis, trips Council discussed intellectual property issues for the first time under the framework of public health in June 2001. Although the trips Protocol has not yet entered into force, it is de facto and de jure accessible to address the public health problems of developing and least developed countries. However, up to now, few countries have actually applied it, and its deep reasons have already gone beyond the scope of intellectual property or related laws, and more are the political, economic, cultural and other factors of the countries concerned. The key to solve the problem of drug availability lies in how to reduce the price of drugs and increase the supply of drugs. Although there are many ways to solve the public health crisis, such as compulsory licensing, parallel import, differential pricing and so on, we can see that these approaches can not effectively solve the problem of drug accessibility in developing and least developed countries. Concerning the problems of public health and drug accessibility in our country, we should pay attention to the fact that although pharmaceutical enterprises in our country have strong imitation ability and strong ability to respond to public health crisis, their innovation ability is still insufficient. This greatly restricts the long-term development of drug accessibility in China, and also restricts our ability to export compulsory licensed drugs to foreign countries in accordance with trips Protocol. Therefore, Chinese pharmaceutical enterprises should take the road of independent innovation as soon as possible.
【学位授予单位】：苏州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D996.1

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