低碳时代WTO环境规则的问题与适用新发展研究

发布时间：2018-06-14 08:37

本文选题：贸易与环境 + 低碳经济　；参考：《南京财经大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着工业化与贸易自由化进程的加速，气候变暖与环境损害日趋恶化。然而，环境是人类生存、经济增长、贸易往来的基础条件，因此，当自由化贸易成为国际社会发展浪潮的同时，环境保护掀起了另一新浪潮。此后，如何协调贸易与环境平衡发展便成为国际社会讨论的焦点之一。可持续发展成为许多国家的经济发展战略，更成为WTO的宗旨之一。WTO是目前最大、最权威的国际经济组织，自GATT建立以来其主要宗旨一直是保障国际贸易自由化，建立有条不紊的国际贸易秩序。但环境保护浪潮冲击了WTO的贸易体制，要求WTO将贸易与环境问题纳入其体制之下。WTO经过不断地摸索与总结也已形成一系列WTO环境规则，对贸易与环境关系加以规范，但实践中WTO环境规则自身的缺陷导致其未能发挥应有的环境保护效用，甚至常被环境水平较高的发达国家滥用，，造成国际社会中与环境有关的贸易争端日益增多。基于WTO环境规则不能有效解决贸易体制下的环境问题现状及哥本哈根气候变化大会后低碳经济的发展总趋势，学界将如何协调WTO与多边环境协定（MEAS）间的冲突，如何适用WTO环境规则作为研析的主要对象。笔者在前人研究的基础上研究了WTO环境规则。本文第一部分主要介绍了WTO环境规则现状；第二部分分析了贸易与环境的关系，首先介绍了目前具有代表性的贸易与环境关系理论：环境成本外部化理论、纳什均衡理论及库兹涅茨理论，其次介绍了在实务中贸易与环境相互作用、相互影响的关系，最后提出了五个协调贸易与环境发展有效路径：环境成本外在化、协调国际环境法和WTO法律体制、注重科学技术、强化环保意识、完善全球碳市场机制等；第三部分试图运用比较分析法、案例评析法、历史学分析法等方法剖析WTO环境规则的主要内容及现存问题、法律渊源；第四部分列举了三个代表性的案例，试图从已有案例中归纳WTO环境规则适用情况，探索其适用新发展；第五部分提出了在WTO环境规则下完善中国环境立法及与环境有关的贸易立法几点法律思考，建议建立与低碳时代、可持续发展相配套的环境立法及完善我国的外贸法，以便有效应对环境壁垒。
[Abstract]:The WTO is one of the most important and authoritative international economic organizations .

On the basis of the previous research , the author has studied the WTO environmental rules . The first part of this paper mainly introduces the present situation of WTO environmental rules .
The second part analyzes the relationship between trade and environment , firstly introduces the theory of trade and environment relation , the theory of environmental cost externalization , Nash equilibrium theory and Kuznets theory , secondly introduces the relationship between trade and environment interaction and mutual influence in practice , and finally puts forward five effective paths to coordinate trade and environment development : the externalization of environment cost , the coordination of international environmental law and WTO legal system , paying attention to science and technology , strengthening environmental awareness and perfecting the global carbon market mechanism .
The third part tries to analyze the main contents and existing problems and legal sources of WTO environmental rules by means of comparative analysis , case analysis and historical analysis .
In the fourth part , three representative cases are listed , trying to conclude the application of WTO environmental rules from the existing cases , and to explore the new development of WTO .
The fifth part puts forward some legal thoughts about perfecting China ' s environmental legislation and trade legislation related to the environment under the WTO environment rules . It is suggested to set up the environment legislation supporting the sustainable development and perfect our foreign trade law in order to have the effect on the environmental barrier .
【学位授予单位】：南京财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D996

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