莱弗拉尔的影响法律选择考虑说研究

发布时间：2018-06-15 09:56

本文选题：莱弗拉尔 + 影响法律选择考虑　；参考：《武汉大学》2011年博士论文

【摘要】：莱弗拉尔(Leflar)的影响法律选择考虑说(Choice-Influencing Considerations)是美国冲突法中最主要的理论之一,至今仍在司法实践中发挥着重要的作用。本文拟从五部分来系统研究这一理论,全文除导论外共分五章,并在最后附有结语对全文进行总结和展望。导论部分对选题的背景和意义、国内外此问题的研究现状、文章采用的研究方法进行了简要说明。第一章是对本文研究人物的介绍。第一节考察了莱弗拉尔教授的生平,简要介绍了他长达半个多世纪的法律生涯。第二节简单介绍了莱弗拉尔教授在冲突法、法学教育以及法官培训方面的成就,为下文客观评价莱弗拉尔的理论打下基础。第二章详细考察了莱弗拉尔影响法律选择考虑说建构的基础,该部分从法哲学、美国传统冲突法理论的批判以及对美国冲突法新理论的继承三个角度论述了莱弗拉尔理论产生的基础。第一节主要从法哲学的角度入手,莱弗拉尔相关冲突法理论受法律现实主义思想影响颇深。本节通过对美国现实主义法学产生的背景、根源以及内容主张等几方面对这一法理流派进行了详细的介绍,为更好理解莱弗拉尔的法律选择考虑说和其他思想奠定了基础。第二节则以美国冲突法的发展为线索,说明了20世纪初美国对传统冲突法理论批判运动的成因。以及主要冲突法学者对比尔理论和《冲突法重述》(第一次)的批判,莱弗拉尔吸收了批判者理论的观点,并借鉴政策分析方法建构了自己的理论。第三节考察了法律选择考虑说的思想渊源。莱弗拉尔是以政策分析方法为基础建构法律选择考虑说的,在此之前已经有多位冲突法学者在著作中采用了这种方法,其中最为重要的为奇塔姆、里斯和英特玛。本节第一部分分别对他们的政策分析方法进行了论述。莱弗拉尔批判的继承了他们对于政策的提炼,并将其进行精炼和协调。同时吸收了柯里利益分析说的部分观点,将它们纳入自己的理论体系之中,但莱弗拉尔对柯里理论的吸收是选择性的,他并不同意柯里对真实冲突的解决方法,同时在对虚假冲突问题上也和柯里的意见相左,本节的第二部分对此进行了阐述。第三章阐述了莱弗拉尔法律选择考虑说的具体内容。该学说是建立在莱弗拉尔对冲突法基本问题的认识之上的,他认为鉴别影响法律选择的因素是冲突法的最关键问题。在吸收前人研究的基础之上,莱弗拉尔总结出他认为影响法律选择的五点关键要素,包括结果的可预见性、维持州际和国际秩序、简化司法任务、增进法院地利益和适用较好的法律。本章第一节探求了五点考虑的具体含义,并强调按照莱弗拉尔的观点,这五点考虑要素并没有强弱之分,同时也没有次序排列的问题。莱弗拉尔认为五点考虑要素适用十分方便,同时合理运用能够帮助法官判断法律选择结果是否合理,本章第二节对莱弗拉尔具体运用这一方法分析的一系列案例进行了简要的介绍,关注该学说如何适用的问题。第四章针对莱弗拉尔法律选择学说的部分争议进行了讨论。对莱弗拉尔理论的争议主要集中在对该学说方法论的争论和如何看待他理论体系中最后一点考虑要素,即适用较好的法律。本章第一节讨论有关方法论方面的问题。在国际私法的历史中,所有的学说都围绕着单边主义方法、多边主义方法和实体法方法这三种方法,通过对五点考虑分别进行方法论的分析得出法律选择考虑说兼有单边主义方法和实体法方法,而单边主义方法在该学说中占据了更为重要的地位。第二节则讨论了有关适用较好的法律的争论,主要从理论根源、存在空间和适用限制方面进行了探讨,认为这一点并非莱弗拉尔学说的全部精髓所在,只不过由于其突出的反映了人们对实质正义的要求而被推向了前台,无论是莱弗拉尔本人还是司法实践都对适用该考虑提出了适当的限制和指导原则。第三节讨论了部分学者对于影响法律选择考虑说的改进建议,认为这种做法实际违背了莱弗拉尔理论的初衷,但其对目前存在于影响法律选择考虑说中的某些问题的批判还是颇值得借鉴。第五章讨论了莱弗拉尔法律选择考虑说的影响,本章主要从实践方面进行考察,对五个采用法律选择考虑说的州的具体案件进行了评析,分析法官在审判时如何适用影响法律选择方法,以此评析影响法律选择考虑说在实践中的运行情况。结语对莱弗拉尔的理论进行了适当的总结,并通过本文的研究指出了莱弗拉尔研究给中国国际私法带来的部分启示。
[Abstract]:The influence of Leif Lal (Leflar) on the choice of law (Choice-Influencing Considerations) is one of the most important theories in the American conflict law and still plays an important role in the judicial practice. This paper is intended to systematically study this theory from the five part. The full text is divided into five chapters except the introduction, and the final conclusion is given to the full text. Summary and prospect.
In the introduction part, the background and significance of the topic selection, the current research situation at home and abroad, and the research methods adopted in this article are briefly described.
The first chapter of this paper is to study the characters in this paper. The first section reviews professor Leif Lal's biography, he briefly introduced the legal career of more than half a century. The second section introduces professor Leif Lal in the conflict of laws, legal education and training of judges achievements, lay the foundation for the following objective evaluation of Leif Lal's theory.
The second chapter examines the foundation of lyflall's influence on the consideration of the choice of law. This part discusses the basis of Leif Lal's theory from the perspective of the legal philosophy, the criticism of the American traditional conflict theory and the succession of the new theory of the American conflict of laws. The first section is mainly from the perspective of legal philosophy and the related impact of lafrost. The theory of sudden law is deeply influenced by the thought of legal realism. This section gives a detailed introduction to this legal school through the background, root and content of the American Realism law, which lays the foundation for better understanding of Leif Lal's legal choice and other ideas. The second section is the American conflict. The development of the law is the clue, which explains the causes of the American critical movement of the traditional conflict of laws in the early twentieth Century, and the criticism of the main conflict jurisprudence and the restatement of the conflict law. The source of thought is to be taken into consideration. Lafrost is based on the policy analysis method, which has been adopted by a number of conflict jurisprudence. The most important part of this method is Cheetham, Rees and the first part of the section. He inherited their criticism of the policy, refined and coordinated, and absorbed some of the views of Currie's interest analysis and incorporated them into their theoretical system, but Leif Lal was selective in the absorption of Currie's theory, and he did not agree with Currie's solution to the real conflict. At the same time, it also disagrees with Corey on the issue of false conflict. The second part of this section elaborates on this.
The third chapter expounds the specific content of the legal choice of lafrost. This theory is based on the understanding of the basic problems of the conflict law. He believes that identifying the factors affecting the choice of law is the most critical issue of the law of conflict. On the basis of absorbing previous studies, Leif Lal concluded that he considered the influence of the law. The five key elements, including the predictability of the results, the maintenance of the interstate and international order, the simplification of the judicial task, the promotion of the interests of the court and the application of better laws. The first section of this chapter explores the specific meaning of the five points, and emphasizes that, in accordance with Leif Lal's point of view, the five points are not divided, nor are they in order. The second section of this chapter gives a brief introduction to a series of cases analyzed in this chapter and pays attention to the application of the theory on how the theory applies.
The fourth chapter discusses some of the controversies in the theory of the legal choice of La friar. The controversy about lailar's theory is mainly focused on the debate on the theory and the final consideration of how to consider his theoretical system. The first section of this chapter discusses the issues concerning methodology. In the history of law, all theories revolve around the three methods of unilateralism, the method of multilateralism and the method of substantive law. Through the analysis of the methodology of the five points, the legal choice is considered to have both unilateralist and substantive methods, and the unilateral principal method occupies a more important place in the theory. In the second section, the argument about the applicable law is discussed, mainly from the theoretical root, the existence of space and the limitation of application, which is not the essence of the theory of lafrost, but it is simply pushed to the front desk, whether it is lyf, because it highlights the demand for substantive justice. LAL himself and judicial practice have put forward appropriate restrictions and guiding principles for the application of this consideration. The third section discusses some scholars' suggestions for improving the consideration of the choice of legal choice, which is actually contrary to the original intention of Leif Lal's theory, but its current existence lies in some questions that affect the choice of law. The criticism of the question is still worthy of reference.
The fifth chapter discusses the influence of the legal choice of La friar. This chapter mainly reviews the practice and analyzes the specific cases of the five states which are taken into consideration by the legal choice, and analyzes how the judge applies the method of choice of law in the trial in order to evaluate the influence of the law selection in practice. Condition.
The conclusion sums up Leif Lal's theory and points out some revelations to China's private international law.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D997

【参考文献】