空难救援国际合作法律思考

发布时间：2018-06-16 00:38

本文选题：空难救援 + 国际合作　；参考：《宁波大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着世界航空技术的不断突破,搭乘飞机成为了人们生活中十分重要的出行方式。然而最近几年,全球范围内出现了不少空难事故,令人感到震惊和悲伤。空难与一般性灾难不同,其对人身安全和财产安全造成的损害是极其重大的,而且范围往往波及不同的国家和地域,具有十分明显的国际性。不容置疑的是,空难救援措施是挽回损失最及时、最直接的一种方式。空难事故发生后,相关国家在空难救援方面进行的合作,包含了各国政治、经济、军事、科技以及文化的碰撞。作为空难救援国际合作中必然会遇到的两个原则,不干涉内政原则与人权优先原则反映了空难救援国际合作的主要矛盾。在空难救援的国际合作中,还存在着许多问题。首先,与空难救援国际合作相关的规定并不系统,只是散见于一些国际条约之中,内容不够具体。其次,空难救援国际合作的协调机制和监督机制的作用方式、救援主体中主导国的确定和运作程序,都无法在条约中找到相应的依据。除此之外,空难救援还面临着很大的政治阻力,救援过程很容易沦为国家展现军事实力的机会,并且不恰当的救援方式往往会对一些国家的主权造成侵害。国内外学者对于国际救援合作的内容通常是在救援方式的分类基础上进行一定深度的探索,但若以空难事故为角度,能够实现对各种国际救援合作方式的综合,更具有针对性。因此,国际社会应当对空难救援给予足够的重视,构建空难救援国际合作法律体系,将协调机关和监督主体的工作程序进行规制。此外,可以通过明确主导国的产生方式、制定主导国工作细则来巩固空难救援主体中主导国的法律地位,并采取统一空难调查具体项目、以责任区救援力量取代国家救援力量、确立空难救援禁止性规则的法律措施来缓解政治压力,不断完善空难救援国际合作法律制度。
[Abstract]:With the continuous breakthrough of aviation technology in the world, flying has become a very important way of travel in people's lives. However, in recent years, there have been many air accidents around the world, shocking and sad. Different from general disasters, the damage to personal safety and property safety caused by air disasters is extremely significant, and the scope often affects different countries and regions, and has a very obvious international character. There is no doubt that the rescue measures are the most timely and direct way to recover the damage. In the aftermath of the crash, the cooperation of the countries involved in the rescue of the air disaster involved political, economic, military, technological and cultural collisions. As two principles of international cooperation in air disaster rescue, the principle of non-interference in internal affairs and the principle of priority of human rights reflect the principal contradiction of international cooperation in air disaster rescue. There are still many problems in the international cooperation in air disaster rescue. First, the provisions relating to international cooperation in air rescue are not systematic, they are scattered among international treaties and are not specific enough. Secondly, the coordination mechanism and supervision mechanism of international cooperation in air disaster rescue can not find the corresponding basis in the treaty, as well as the determination and operation procedure of the leading country in the rescue subject. In addition, air rescue also faces great political resistance, the rescue process is easily reduced to a country to show military strength, and improper rescue methods often affect the sovereignty of some countries. The content of international rescue cooperation is usually based on the classification of rescue methods, but if the air accident as a point of view, can achieve a variety of international rescue cooperation methods synthesis, more targeted. Therefore, the international community should pay enough attention to the air disaster rescue, build a legal system of international cooperation in air disaster rescue, and regulate the working procedures of the coordinating organs and the supervisory bodies. In addition, it is possible to consolidate the legal status of the leading country in the air disaster rescue body by making clear the way leading countries are formed, and to adopt a unified air disaster investigation project to replace the national rescue forces with rescue forces in the area of responsibility. Establish legal measures to relieve political pressure and improve the legal system of international cooperation in air disaster rescue.
【学位授予单位】：宁波大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D99

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