中日东海海权之争

发布时间：2018-06-24 09:11

本文选题：海权 + 东海　；参考：《西南政法大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：中日两国的东海争端由来已久,并且在近年来有进一步激化的趋势。在以往的研究过程中,学者们较为注重对具体争议的探讨,并且有针对性地提出了很多切实可行的解决方案。相比较而言,本文意在从海权的角度分析两国的具体争议,认为这些不断发生的摩擦背后蕴含的是国家对于海权利益的激烈争夺,如不缓和海权争端,就难以从根本上解决具体的海洋争议。并以此为切入点采用历史归纳法、利益价值剖析法、综合比较分析法等研究方法,试图从表面的争端中抽象出两国最终追逐的利益诉求。文章的第一部分重点介绍海权论创始者马汉的海权观,并对后马汉时期海权思想的发展进程进行了追述,在此基础上进一步介绍了我国关于海权研究的一些特点,并在参考国内外学者对于海权内涵的论述后,试提出海权拥有以海洋权利为基础,以海洋力量为手段,以海洋利益为指向,以海洋权力为目的的综合性权利内涵。文章的第二部分以第一部分总结的海权组成要素为基础进行展开论述,试图从四方面入手解析中日东海表面争端背后的本质问题。首先,中日东海的具体争端是海权观念的不同造成的,中国的海权思维以“和谐”为前提,其所认识和实施的海权行为具有紧缩性,对外的目的限于取得一些“优势影响力”;而日本以“竞争”为目的,其海权观念具有扩张性,旨在谋取“大国海洋霸权”。其次,关于钓鱼岛主权归属争端,认为现有证据对于中国对其拥有主权较为有利;关于东海划界问题的争议,认为应适用“公平原则”兼顾“相关情况”,考虑划定单一界限。并在此基础上指明上述争端的实质是两国在海权影响领域、海权经济上争夺的现实反映,因为这两方面的利益关系到两国海权的生存和发展,因而在短期内不仅不会得到解决,还会因事态的发展出现新的反复。再次,春晓油气田的开采纠纷是中日双方在经济海权方面争夺的集中展现,其本质是对包括油气资源在内,诸如生物、矿产、淡水等多种资源的开发利用权的争夺,反映了海权内涵的重点由地理大发现时期的“开疆扩土”向经济全球化时代下“争权夺利”过渡的趋势。最后,近期的中日撞船事件影射出双方在保障海权顺利实现的海洋力量上的差异,文章着重从海上军事力量、科研力量、执法力量等海洋力量的主要组成方面进行了论述。文章的第三部分分析了中日海权之争给我国海权建设带来的启示。虽然我国在与日的争端中“入情入理”,然而却不能“得势得利”,从根本上是因为我国的海权实力不够强大。因此,从本国国内的角度,我们要充分认识东海具体争端的实质是海权之争,并树立海洋强国的观念,且要从完善相关海洋立法、提升科技创新能力、巩固海防力量、强化海洋执法等多方面采取措施全面加强自身的海权实力,进一步完善海权的外部竞争力。文章第四部分探讨了在解决中日海权之争过程中我国对外应采取的策略。从处理与争端方日本的关系的角度,我们在思想上要加强与其的海权沟通和交流,在实践中要坚持“主权属我,搁置争议,共同开发”的原则,目的是创建和平友好、合作共赢的海权氛围。从对待国际社会的外部影响的角度,我们在避免将海权之争过分国际化,防止大国干扰因素进一步介入的前提下,要充分借鉴国际解决涉及海权之具体权益争端的合理方案,以期中日海权之争得以顺利的解决。
[Abstract]:China and Japan have a long history of the East China Sea dispute, and in recent years there has been a trend of further intensification. In the past research, scholars have paid more attention to the discussion of specific disputes and put forward a number of practical solutions. In comparison, the article is intended to analyze the specific disputes between the two countries from the perspective of the sea power. It is believed that there is a fierce competition between the state and the interests of the sea. If it does not ease the sea power dispute, it is difficult to solve the specific maritime disputes fundamentally. Like the pursuit of the two countries' ultimate pursuit of interest.
The first part of the article focuses on the sea right concept of Mahan, the founder of the theory of sea power, and recounts the development process of the thought of sea power in the post Mahan period. On this basis, it further introduces some of the characteristics of the study of sea rights in China, and after referring to the domestic and foreign scholars' discussion on the internal culvert of sea rights, the author tries to put forward that the sea right has the right to sea. On the basis of profits, we should take the ocean power as the means, take the marine interests as the direction, and take the marine power as the purpose.
The second part of the article is based on the essential elements of the sea power summarized in the first part, trying to analyze the essential problems behind the surface dispute between China and Japan from four aspects. First, the specific dispute of the East China Sea is caused by the difference of the concept of sea power. As a result, Japan's maritime rights are limited to obtain some "dominant influence", and Japan's sea power concept is expansionary for the purpose of "competition", and it aims to seek "great power ocean hegemony". Secondly, the sovereignty of Diaoyu Island belongs to the dispute over the sovereignty of the Diaoyu Island, and it is considered that the evidence is more favorable to China's sovereignty over it. The dispute on the demarcation of the East China Sea considers that the "principle of fairness" should be applied to the consideration of the "relevant circumstances" and that a single boundary should be considered. On the basis of this, the essence of the dispute is the realistic reflection of the competition between the two countries in the field of sea power and the economic struggle in the sea power, because these two interests relate to the survival and development of the sea rights of the two countries. In the short term, not only will it be solved, but the development of the oil and gas fields in Chunxiao is a concentrated display of the competition between China and Japan on economic sea power. The essence is to compete for the exploitation and utilization of various resources, such as oil and gas resources, such as biological, mineral, and fresh water, and reflect the maritime rights. The focus of the connotation is the trend of "expanding the territory of the territory" in the period of geographical discovery to the trend of "winning power and winning the power" in the era of economic globalization. Finally, the recent collision between China and Japan shows the differences between the two sides on the marine power to ensure the smooth realization of the sea power. The article focuses on the marine forces, scientific research forces, law enforcement power and so on. The main aspects of the composition are discussed.
The third part of the article analyzes the Enlightenment of the dispute between China and Japan on the construction of China's maritime rights. Although China is "reasonable" in the dispute with Japan, it can not "gain advantage", which is fundamentally because the power of China's sea power is not strong enough. Therefore, we should fully understand the specific disputes in the East China Sea from the domestic and domestic perspectives. The essence of this is the dispute of sea power and the concept of ocean power, and we should take measures to improve the power of sea power in all aspects, such as improving the relevant marine legislation, enhancing the ability of scientific and technological innovation, consolidating the sea defense force and strengthening the marine law enforcement, and further improving the external competitive power of the sea power.
The fourth part of the article discusses the strategies that we should adopt in the process of solving the dispute between China and Japan. From the perspective of dealing with the relations between the Japanese and the Japanese, we should strengthen the communication and exchange of its sea power in thought. In practice, we should adhere to the principle that "sovereignty belongs to me, put aside disputes and develop together". The aim is to create a friend of peace. In the view of the external influence of the international community, we should avoid the excessive internationalization of the dispute over the sea power and prevent further interference from the interference factors of the great powers. We should fully draw on the reasonable solution of the international dispute involving the specific rights and interests of the sea rights, with a view to the smooth settlement of the dispute between China and Japan.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D993.5

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