可持续发展理念下清洁发展机制的法律研究

发布时间：2018-06-29 21:01

本文选题：可持续发展 + 清洁发展机制　；参考：《湖南大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：气候变化现已成为全人类共同面临的最为紧迫的问题之一,自1992年巴西里约热内卢环境与发展大会召开以来,全球气候谈判可谓步履维艰。《联合国气候变化框架公约》及其《京都议定书》是国际社会应对气候变化的基本依据和准则。清洁发展机制是《京都议定书》为帮助发达国家履行第一承诺期温室气体国际减排义务而安排的三种基于市场手段的灵活机制之一。清洁发展机制白实施以来取得了较好的成绩,帮助了发达国家以更低成本实现其履约目标,同时为发展中国家的发展提供了资金与技术支持。但清洁发展机制本身及其在具体实施过程中仍存在较多的问题,如大部分的清洁发展机制方法学由于其本身的可操作性问题和缺乏市场吸引力而基本上没有得到应用；清洁发展机制项目的额外性如何准确把握；清洁发展机制项目活动造成了碳泄漏；项目参与者对清洁发展机制经济效益的过分追求,导致清洁发展机制项目活动实施中出现选择上的偏向,忽视清洁发展机制项目活动的额外性与环境整体性等要求。为了更好地发挥清洁发展机制在全球气候变化应对中的作用,实现清洁发展机制帮助发达国家低成本减排和发展中国家可持续发展之目标,实现经济效益与环境效益间的平衡,需要坚持并贯彻可持续发展理念,完善清洁发展机制项目管理体制和法规建设,选择合适的额外性评价准则,明确并拓宽环境整体性的定义,确定合理的项目边界,引进公众参与制度与环境影响评价制度,严格清洁发展机制项目活动的司法审查等。清洁发展机制是《京都议定书》安排的一种临时机制,将于《京都议定书》第一承诺期届满,其未来存在很多不确定性,但欧盟对清洁发展机制发展的高姿态表态、坎昆会议及其相关文件对清洁发展机制发展提出的要求及清洁发展机制执行理事会就清洁发展机制对其本身提出的要求等,表明清洁发展机制仍有存在的必要,但应当根据可持续发展理念对其加以完善。
[Abstract]:Climate change has now become one of the most pressing issues facing all mankind, since the Rio de Janeiro Conference on Environment and Development, held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 1992, The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate change and its Kyoto Protocol are the basic basis and criterion for the international community to deal with climate change. The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is one of the three market-based flexible mechanisms arranged by the Kyoto Protocol to help developed countries meet their international greenhouse gas emission reduction obligations in the first commitment period. Since the implementation of the clean development mechanism (CDM), good results have been achieved, helping developed countries to achieve their implementation targets at lower cost, and providing financial and technical support for the development of developing countries. However, there are still many problems in the CDM itself and its implementation, such as the fact that most CDM methodologies are largely unapplied because of their operational problems and lack of market attractiveness; How exactly to grasp the additionality of CDM projects; how CDM project activities cause carbon spills; and the excessive pursuit by project participants of CDM economic benefits, It leads to the selection bias in the implementation of CDM project activities and neglects the requirements of additionality and environmental integrity of CDM project activities. In order to better play the role of the clean development mechanism in the global response to climate change, to achieve the objective of the clean development mechanism to help developed countries to reduce emissions at low cost and to achieve sustainable development in developing countries, and to achieve a balance between economic and environmental benefits, It is necessary to adhere to and implement the concept of sustainable development, perfect the management system and regulations of CDM projects, select appropriate criteria for evaluation of additionality, clarify and broaden the definition of environmental integrity, and determine reasonable project boundaries. The system of public participation and environmental impact assessment is introduced, and the judicial review of CDM project activities is strictly enforced. The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is an interim mechanism arranged by the Kyoto Protocol, which will expire in the first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol. There are many uncertainties about its future. However, the EU has expressed its position on the development of the CDM in a high profile. The requirements for the development of the clean development mechanism made at Canc 煤 n and its related documents, and the requirements of the Executive Board of the clean development mechanism on the clean development mechanism itself, indicate the continuing need for the clean development mechanism, However, it should be perfected according to the concept of sustainable development.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D996.9

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