国外对华反倾销的思考及法律分析

发布时间：2018-07-02 14:18

本文选题：反倾销 + 贸易保护　；参考：《吉林财经大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：倾销是指一国(地区)的生产商或出口商以低于其国内市场价格或低于成本的价格将其商品挤进另一国(地区)市场的行为。倾销被认为是国际贸易违背公平竞争与公平贸易规则的不正当的商业竞争行为。反倾销最初是作为一种应对倾销的手段问世的,它是指由于一国向另一国销售的产品的价格低于本国价格,另一国以法律手段保护其产业的做法。但随着国际经济贸易的发展,反倾销逐渐成为一种非关税贸易壁垒,在阻挡国外同类产品进入本国市场的过程中起着至关重要的作用,特别是世界各国受到经济危机的冲击,国际贸易保护主义有所抬头,反倾销作为一种贸易救济手段有被滥用的趋势。据商务部统计,“针对中国的反倾销案件占世界反倾销案件的比例已经由20世纪80年的3.6%猛增到目前的20%左右”。据WTO统计,1995年世贸组织成立以来,成员方涉及中国产品的反倾销立案调查,占案件总数的1/7左右。中国已连续多年成为世界上遭受反倾销案件调查最多的国家,目前中国遭遇全世界三分之一的反倾销调查。严重影响着我国外贸事业的正常出口秩序。世界经济不景气、增速放缓将导致国际贸易保护的加剧是个基本规律。由于经济危机带来的冲击仍在持续,保护主义已在抬头,专家预测,未来几年我国出口产品会不断遇到贸易摩擦,而且贸易摩擦会呈现综合化、多样化和隐蔽化等新特点,这给政府、企业带来了新挑战。在上述背景下,中国需要认真研究反倾销措施的真正意义所在,据此完善本国的反倾销措施。文章在阐述倾销、反倾销基本理论的基础上,研究WTO、美国、欧盟等主要经济体的反倾销机构、程序,对倾销、反倾销措施进行经济分析,强调滥用反倾销措施给出口国、进口国、第三国经济带来的负面影响,在熟悉、正确认识反倾销措施的基础上分析国外对华反倾销的原因。在此前提下,提出我国应对对华反倾销的法律对策,特别是反倾销税作为应对国外对华反倾销的博弈手段,有较强的政策性,如随意使用不但保护不了本国企业,还会引发国外对华更大规模的反倾销调查。提出我国对其进行税法规制的必要性及措施。第一部分介绍了倾销、反倾销基本理论,包括倾销、反倾销的界定、产生、具体措施及WTO、美国、欧盟国家的反倾销机构和程序,为科学认识、运用反倾销手段做好铺垫。第二部分综合概述,倾销、反倾销的经济影响,从法律角度看,反倾销具有正当性,但立法主体也不能单为保护本国产业而滥用反倾销措施,这样本国消费者也将成为受害者,所以要对反倾销措施进行经济分析。第三部分概括国外对华反倾销的基本情况。我国遭遇反倾销调查的产品正经历着一个由低附加值向高附加值转变的过程。从数量上,中国已连续多年成为世界上遭受反倾销案件调查最多的国家,目前中国遭遇全世界三分之一的反倾销调查。第四部分阐述过我频繁遭受反倾销调查的原因,客观上,有中国对外贸易额的迅速增长、我国产品在某些国家遭受歧视性原则、《WTO反倾销协议》的缺陷、国际贸易保护主义的抬头等多方面的原因;主观上,有我国企业出口秩序比较混乱、涉案企业不积极应诉等原因。第五部分介绍我国应对对华反倾销的法律对策,从完善应诉机制、完善反倾销立法两大方面提出一些重构设想。文章基本结论是:我国连续多年成为世界上遭受反倾销调查最多的国家,有国际贸易保护主义抬头等客观方面的原因,也有本国企业不积极应诉、法律不够完善的主观原因,针对客观因素要学会趋利避害,重点从主观方面完善自己,特别是完善反倾销立法,立法过程中要综合考虑多种因素,反倾销法律作为涉外法律,其制定过程比单纯的国内立法繁琐,要衡量社会总体福利,实现社会福利的最大化,巩固并推动我国来之不易的国际市场地位。
[Abstract]:Dumping refers to the behavior of a producer or exporter in a country (region) to squeeze its goods into another country (regional) market at a price lower than its domestic market or lower cost. Dumping is considered an unfair competition in international trade against fair competition and fair trade rules. With the development of the international economy and trade, anti dumping has gradually become a non-tariff trade barrier to prevent the same products from entering the domestic market. The important role of international trade protectionism has been raised, and anti dumping is a tendency to be abused as a means of trade relief.
According to the statistics of the Ministry of Commerce, "the proportion of anti-dumping cases against China in the world has risen from 3.6% in 80 years in twentieth Century to about 20%". According to WTO statistics, since the founding of the WTO in 1995, the anti dumping investigations involving Chinese products have been investigated by the members of the WTO, accounting for about 1/7 of the total number of cases. The world's most investigated countries have suffered the most anti-dumping cases. At present, China has encountered 1/3 anti-dumping investigations in the world. It seriously affects the normal export order of our foreign trade cause. The world economy is sluggish and the slowdown in growth will lead to the intensification of international trade protection. The impact of the economic crisis is still continuing. Protectionism has been rising. Experts have predicted that China's export products will continue to encounter trade frictions in the next few years, and trade frictions will present new features such as comprehensive, diversified and concealed, which bring new challenges to the government and enterprises. Under the above background, China needs to study the real significance of anti-dumping measures and improve it in this context. Antidumping measures in the country.
On the basis of the basic theory of dumping and anti dumping, the article studies the anti-dumping institutions and procedures of WTO, the United States and the European Union, and carries out the economic analysis of dumping and anti-dumping measures, emphasizing the negative effects of the abuse of anti-dumping measures to the exporters, the importing countries and the third country economic zone, and is familiar and correctly understanding the basis of the anti-dumping measures. On the basis of the analysis, the reasons for the anti-dumping against China are analyzed. On this premise, the Legal Countermeasures of China's anti dumping against China, especially the antidumping tax as a game means to deal with China's antidumping against China, have strong policy nature, such as the free use not only can not protect the domestic enterprises, but also lead to a more large-scale antidumping transfer to China. He proposed the necessity and measures of tax law regulation in China.
The first part introduces the basic theory of dumping and anti-dumping, including dumping, the definition of anti-dumping, the production, specific measures and the anti-dumping institutions and procedures of WTO, the United States and the EU countries, for scientific understanding and the use of anti-dumping measures. The second part of the comprehensive overview, the dumping, the economic impact of anti-dumping, from a legal point of view, anti-dumping is positive. When sex, but the legislative body can not only be used to protect the domestic industry and abuse anti-dumping measures, so the domestic consumers will also become victims, so the anti-dumping measures should be analyzed economically. The third part summarizes the basic situation of foreign anti-dumping to China. In number, China has been the most investigated country in the world for antidumping cases for many years. At present, China has encountered 1/3 anti-dumping investigations in the world. The fourth part describes the reasons that I frequently suffer from anti-dumping investigations. Objectively, there is a rapid increase in China's foreign trade volume and China's products. In some countries, there are many reasons for the discriminatory principles, the defects of the 【学位授予单位】：吉林财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D996.1;D922.29;F752.02

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