浅析集装箱提单中的“不知条款”

发布时间：2018-07-05 07:07

本文选题：集装箱提单 + 不知条款　；参考：《华东政法大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：“不知条款”是在集装箱提单中广泛使用的一种免责条款,是指集装箱承运人在接收整箱货时无法获知或核实集装箱内所装货物与托运人提供的记载于提单上的货物详情一致而在提单表面进行的一种批注,在集装箱提单中其通常表现形式为“据称内装”、“发货人装箱、计数”、“发货人装箱、计数并加封”、“整箱货托运”或者有些情况下直接表现为集装箱提单背面的格式条款,此条款对各方当事人在集装箱运输中的权利义务影响非常大,而在理论和实践中却没有得到应有的重视,因此有必要对“不知条款”进行深入研究,分析集装箱运输各方在面对含有“不知条款”的集装箱提单时如何保护自己的合法权益。本文包括以下六个部分: 前言部分介绍了本文将要研究的内容和当前相关领域的概况、研究现状。第一章对集装箱提单中的“不知条款”进行概括性的梳理,首先从该条款产生的现实及法律基础、表现形式等方面对集装箱提单中的“不知条款”进行分析,认为集装箱提单中的“不知条款”有其产生的现实土壤和法律上的依据,然后结合几个主要国家对集装箱提单中的“不知条款”的态度对其效力进行分析,认为各国都是有条件承认其效力。第二章从集装箱运输中各方当事人的权利义务的分配着手,分两个方面对集装箱提单中的“不知条款”的影响进行分析。一方面该条款虽然不影响提单作为清洁提单交单议付的功能,但却影响了集装箱提单作为货物收据的证明力;另一方面该条款对集装箱运输各方当事人的责任划分、举证责任分配、单位赔偿责任限制等均有较大影响。第三章结合集装箱运输实务对承运人在集装箱提单中滥用“不知条款”的情形进行归纳,认为在承运人及其代理人负责装箱的拼箱货运输以及承运人监督装箱的情况下,承运人仍然在集装箱提单中批注“不知条款”构成对“不知条款”的滥用,同时在诉讼中也存在承运人滥用“不知条款”的情形,笔者认为在权威检验机构对集装箱进行检验并出具检验报告的情况下,只要符合条件,承运人仍然有权在集装箱提单上批注“不知条款”。第四章分别从托运人、承运人、收货人等各方当事人的角度,提出具有可操作性的应对集装箱提单中“不知条款”、保护自身合法权益的建议。结语部分是对整篇文章论述的简单总结,并对我国的立法提出建议。
[Abstract]:" I do not know the article " is an exemption clause widely used in the container bill of lading , which means that the container carrier cannot know or verify the cargo details recorded on the bill of lading made by the shipper when receiving the whole box , and it is usually expressed as a form clause on the surface of the bill of lading in the container bill of lading , which is not paid enough attention in theory and practice , so it is necessary to study the " unknown clause " in depth to analyze how the parties protect their legitimate rights and interests in the face of the container bill of lading containing the " unknown clause " .

This article includes the following six sections :

The preface introduces the content of the research and the current situation in the relevant field .

The first chapter analyzes the " unknown clauses " in the container bill of lading , firstly analyzes the " unknown clauses " in the container bill of lading from the perspective of the reality and the legal basis and expression of the clause , and considers that the " unknown clause " in the container bill of lading has the realistic soil and legal basis , then analyzes the effect of the " unknown clause " in the container bill of lading in combination with several major countries , and believes that all countries are qualified to recognize their effectiveness .

The second chapter analyzes the effect of the " unknown clause " in the container bill of lading from the distribution of the rights and obligations of the parties involved in the container transportation . On the one hand , the article does not affect the function of bill of lading as a bill of lading for the clean bill of lading , but it affects the proof force of the container bill of lading as the receipt of the goods ; on the other hand , it has a great influence on the division of responsibility of the parties concerned in the container transportation , the distribution of burden of proof , the limitation of unit compensation liability , etc .

Chapter 3 summarizes the situation of the carrier ' s abuse of " unknown clause " in the container bill of lading in combination with the container transport practice . In the case that the carrier and his agent are responsible for packing the container goods and the carrier ' s supervision and boxing , the carrier still signs the " unknown clause " in the container bill of lading . In the meantime , in the case of the carrier abusing the " unknown clause " , the author thinks that the carrier still has the right to endorse the " unknown clause " on the container bill of lading .

In the fourth chapter , the author puts forward some suggestions on how to deal with the " unknown clause " in the container bill of lading and protect the legitimate rights and interests of the container from the perspective of the parties concerned , such as the shipper , the carrier and the consignee .

The concluding part is a brief summary of the whole article , and puts forward some suggestions on our country ' s legislation .
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D996.19

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