沿海国船舶污染管辖权研究
发布时间：2018-08-02 17:31
【摘要】：管辖权是海洋环境保护法律制度中的一个核心问题,海洋环境污染的管辖权是一个涉及到在不同海域发生不同来源的污染行为应该由哪个国家管辖和以什么标准管辖的问题。针对日益严重的船舶污染事件的频繁发生,各个国家对于船舶污染的管理和防治工作尤为重要,因此,研究沿海国船舶污染的管辖权问题是有一定的理论意义和实践意义的。 本文共分为四个部分,第一部分介绍了船舶污染的概念与分类、船舶污染管辖权的历史发展及沿海国管辖权的法律渊源,主要是对沿海国船舶污染的管辖权做了一个大体的概述。 第二部分分析了《联合国海洋法公约》对沿海国船舶污染管辖权的规定。1982年《联合国海洋法公约》是到目前为止被认为最完整最全面的海洋法法典。《联合国海洋法公约》第十二部分是控制海洋环境污染、保护海洋环境的国际立法的重要组成部分。其中对船舶污染的管辖权问题作了详细的规定。《联合国海洋法公约》在保护海洋环境的立法管辖权和执行管辖权两方面赋予沿海国和港口国一定范围的管辖权,船旗国、沿海国和港口国这三种管辖权之间既不是共同管辖,也不是平等管辖,而是并行管辖和协调管辖的关系。 第三部分介绍了美加两国关于船舶污染管辖权的立法与实践。美国和加拿大都是海洋大国,两个国家的相关法律制度对完善中国的船源污染防治法律制度具有一定的参考价值。美国是较早进行有关船舶污染立法工作的沿海国家之一。在世界立法发展上,美国的船源污染的立法最为完备、最具代表性。加拿大历来都是十分重视海洋的开发与管理,合理利用海洋,充分保护海洋环境,保证海洋的可持续开发已经成为加拿大的重要国家战略决策,其国家海洋立法有着非常悠久的历史。在海洋管理的各个方面都是有法可依的。 第四部分介绍了中国船舶污染管辖权的法律现状及完善建议。中国在管制船舶污染海洋环境方面,虽然已经基本形成了一个包括法律、行政法规和国际公约在内的多层次的法律框架,但是中国在防止船舶污染执法管理体制方面仍然存在着许多问题,在一定程度上制约着中国政府的一系列工作,因此非常有必要借鉴国外在此问题上的一些经验,对管理体制进行改革,使其利益最大化。
[Abstract]:Jurisdiction is a core issue in the legal system of marine environmental protection. The jurisdiction of marine environmental pollution is a question concerning which country should have jurisdiction and what standard should be applied to the conduct of pollution from different sources in different sea areas. In view of the frequent occurrence of increasingly serious ship pollution incidents, it is particularly important for various countries to manage and prevent ship pollution. Therefore, it is of certain theoretical and practical significance to study the jurisdiction of ship pollution in coastal countries. This paper is divided into four parts. The first part introduces the concept and classification of ship pollution, the historical development of ship pollution jurisdiction and the legal origin of coastal state jurisdiction. Mainly to the coastal state ship pollution jurisdiction has made a general outline. The second part analyzes the provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea on the pollution jurisdiction of coastal States from ships. The 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea is considered to be the most complete and comprehensive law of the sea code by far. < United Nations Law of the Sea Part XII of the Law Convention deals with the control of pollution of the marine environment, An important part of international legislation for the protection of the marine environment. The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea grants a certain range of jurisdiction to coastal States and port States in terms of legislative and enforcement jurisdiction for the protection of the marine environment, the flag State of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, The three jurisdictions of coastal state and port state are neither joint jurisdiction nor equal jurisdiction, but the relationship between concurrent jurisdiction and coordinated jurisdiction. The third part introduces the legislation and practice of ship pollution jurisdiction between the United States and Canada. The United States and Canada are both large marine countries, and the relevant legal systems of the two countries have certain reference value for perfecting the legal system of ship pollution prevention and control in China. The United States is one of the coastal countries that carried out legislation on ship pollution earlier. In the development of world legislation, the legislation of ship-source pollution in the United States is the most complete and representative. Canada has always attached great importance to the development and management of the oceans. The rational use of the oceans, the full protection of the marine environment and the sustainable development of the oceans have become an important national strategic decision of Canada. Its national maritime legislation has a very long history. There are laws to follow in all aspects of ocean management. The fourth part introduces the current legal situation of China's ship pollution jurisdiction and some suggestions to improve it. Although China has basically formed a multi-level legal framework, including laws, administrative regulations and international conventions, in the control of pollution of the marine environment by ships, However, there are still many problems in the management system of preventing ship pollution enforcement in China, which to a certain extent restricts the Chinese government's work, so it is very necessary to learn from the experience of foreign countries on this issue. Reform the management system to maximize its benefits.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D993.5
本文编号：2160160
[Abstract]:Jurisdiction is a core issue in the legal system of marine environmental protection. The jurisdiction of marine environmental pollution is a question concerning which country should have jurisdiction and what standard should be applied to the conduct of pollution from different sources in different sea areas. In view of the frequent occurrence of increasingly serious ship pollution incidents, it is particularly important for various countries to manage and prevent ship pollution. Therefore, it is of certain theoretical and practical significance to study the jurisdiction of ship pollution in coastal countries. This paper is divided into four parts. The first part introduces the concept and classification of ship pollution, the historical development of ship pollution jurisdiction and the legal origin of coastal state jurisdiction. Mainly to the coastal state ship pollution jurisdiction has made a general outline. The second part analyzes the provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea on the pollution jurisdiction of coastal States from ships. The 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea is considered to be the most complete and comprehensive law of the sea code by far. < United Nations Law of the Sea Part XII of the Law Convention deals with the control of pollution of the marine environment, An important part of international legislation for the protection of the marine environment. The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea grants a certain range of jurisdiction to coastal States and port States in terms of legislative and enforcement jurisdiction for the protection of the marine environment, the flag State of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, The three jurisdictions of coastal state and port state are neither joint jurisdiction nor equal jurisdiction, but the relationship between concurrent jurisdiction and coordinated jurisdiction. The third part introduces the legislation and practice of ship pollution jurisdiction between the United States and Canada. The United States and Canada are both large marine countries, and the relevant legal systems of the two countries have certain reference value for perfecting the legal system of ship pollution prevention and control in China. The United States is one of the coastal countries that carried out legislation on ship pollution earlier. In the development of world legislation, the legislation of ship-source pollution in the United States is the most complete and representative. Canada has always attached great importance to the development and management of the oceans. The rational use of the oceans, the full protection of the marine environment and the sustainable development of the oceans have become an important national strategic decision of Canada. Its national maritime legislation has a very long history. There are laws to follow in all aspects of ocean management. The fourth part introduces the current legal situation of China's ship pollution jurisdiction and some suggestions to improve it. Although China has basically formed a multi-level legal framework, including laws, administrative regulations and international conventions, in the control of pollution of the marine environment by ships, However, there are still many problems in the management system of preventing ship pollution enforcement in China, which to a certain extent restricts the Chinese government's work, so it is very necessary to learn from the experience of foreign countries on this issue. Reform the management system to maximize its benefits.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D993.5
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