国际航空联盟法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-08-09 06:52

【摘要】：随着经济的全球化趋势不断加强,在国际经济以及外事活动中,航空业已经成为最主要的交通工具。由于各国航空公司不断涌现发展和壮大,为了全球市场一体化的目标,避免国际航空运输中各国法律和管制的政策以及不必要的竞争,国际航空联盟成为了航空业全球化的必然产物。因此,对国际航空联盟的问题进行系统和深入的研究,具有重要的理论和现实意义。全文共分为五个部分。第一部分主要概括了国际航空联盟的基本情况,其中包括了国际航空联盟的基本概念、特点、产生原因以及国际航空联盟的形式种类。常见的国际航空联盟主要包括：代码共享、包租仓位、投资参股、特许权经营和常旅客计划。同时介绍了世界存在的三个航空联盟,即星空联盟、寰宇一家和天合联盟。第二部分论述了国际航空联盟对航空运输的影响。其中包括了对传统国际航空运输管理体制的影响、对双边航空协定的影响以及对国际市场竞争的影响。其中国际航空联盟对双边航空协定的影响主要体现在航线权、经营权、其他权利。通过对以上三个方面的权利的影响说明了双边航空协定是规范国际航空运输管理关系的重要法律依据和国际航空联盟对其产生的深远影响。第三部分重点详细的阐述了美国、欧盟对国际航空联盟的规制以及国际航空联盟规制的国际协调机制。其中介绍了国际航空联盟在各国建立对其国际竞争力的巨大影响以及国家间的企业并购和竞争政策不对称可能会导致严重的后果。美国审核航空联盟的主要部门是司法部和运输部。本部分首先阐述了司法部和运输部的执法对美国乃至全球产生的深远影响。其次介绍了美国对于航空公司之间的联盟是否能够获得批准的法律问题主要是反托拉斯法,又称反垄断法。与美国不同的是,欧盟成员国航空公司之间的国际代码共享和包租舱位协定并不需要获得欧盟的批准。然而,欧盟将监督它们对竞争的影响,除非造成垄断,欧盟成员国之间航空公司可以自由签署这些协议。在对航空联盟进行反垄断规制时,欧盟委员会在航空联盟的问题上持积极态度。欧盟委员会要求联盟的航空公司接受一定的附加条件予以批准。欧盟对航空公司联盟影响较大的法律条款包括罗马公约以及欧盟竞争法。本文最后一部分则表述了我国加入国际航空联盟的现状。其中阐述了我国各大航空公司所加入的不同全球性航空联盟,同时又强调了加入国际航空联盟对我国航空公司的重要影响：有利于我国航空公司在国际市场上的生存和发展。有利于我国航空公司开拓国际市场。有利于促进我国航空公司管理水平的提高。
[Abstract]:With the increasing trend of economic globalization, aviation industry has become the most important means of transportation in the international economy and foreign affairs. As national airlines continue to emerge and grow, in order to avoid national legal and regulatory policies and unnecessary competition in international air transport, for the purpose of integrating the global market, The international aviation alliance has become the inevitable result of the aviation industry globalization. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the problems of international aviation alliance systematically and deeply. The full text is divided into five parts. The first part mainly summarizes the basic situation of the international aviation alliance, including the basic concept, the characteristic, the reason and the form type of the international aviation alliance. Common international aviation alliance mainly include: code share, charter position, investment share, franchise and frequent passenger plan. At the same time, the paper introduces three aviation alliances that exist in the world, namely Star Alliance, Worldwide Alliance and Tianhe Alliance. The second part discusses the impact of the International Aviation Union on air transport. It includes the influence on the traditional international air transport management system, the influence on the bilateral aviation agreement and the influence on the international market competition. The influence of international aviation alliance on bilateral aviation agreement is mainly reflected in airline right, operation right and other rights. Through the influence on the rights of the above three aspects, it is proved that bilateral air agreement is an important legal basis for regulating the international air transport management relationship and the international aviation union has a profound influence on it. The third part elaborates the regulation of the United States, the European Union and the international coordination mechanism of the international aviation alliance in detail. This paper introduces the great influence of the international aviation alliance on its international competitiveness and the serious consequences that may result from the enterprise merger and acquisition and the asymmetry of competition policy among countries. The main departments of the US Aeronautical Alliance are the Department of Justice and the Department of Transport. This part first describes the law enforcement of the Department of Justice and the Department of Transport to the United States and even the world's far-reaching impact. Secondly, it introduces the antitrust law, also known as the antitrust law, which is the main legal problem of whether the alliance between airlines can be approved in the United States. Unlike the United States, international code-sharing and charter agreements between European Union member airlines do not require EU approval. However, the EU will monitor their impact on competition, and airlines among EU member states are free to sign these agreements unless they create a monopoly. In the anti-monopoly regulation of aviation alliance, the European Commission holds a positive attitude on the issue of aviation alliance. The European Commission asked the Union's airlines to accept certain additional conditions for approval. The European Union has a strong influence on the alliance of airlines, including the Rome Convention and the European Union competition law. The last part of this paper describes the status quo of China's entry into the International Aeronautical Alliance (IAA). This paper expounds the different global aviation alliance that the major airlines of our country join, and emphasizes the important influence of joining the international aviation alliance on the Chinese airlines: it is beneficial to the survival and development of the Chinese airlines in the international market. Is advantageous to our country airline to open up the international market. It is helpful to improve the management level of Chinese airlines.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D993.4

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