国际法中的“建设性模糊”研究

发布时间：2018-08-12 10:50

【摘要】：在国际关系中,对复杂或新型的议题,在某种情形下形成模糊的文本是达成一项国际条约或协定唯一可行的方法。多边条约的谈判参与方较多,为使各方尽快达成共识,条约文本具有模糊和漏洞是有必要的。"建设性模糊"是促进国际关系中复杂而有争议的问题达成共识的一种具有高度政治智慧的技巧。其可掩盖当事方对条约文本存在的分歧,并为一项规则通过解释和适用而得到灵活的发展留有余地。虽然"建设性模糊"对国际问题的解决具有各种优势,但澄清其内容对相关争端的解决极为重要。在国际争端解决中,法官的司法能动主义往往是人们所诟病的,但"建设性模糊"不可避免地将法官引向一定程度的司法能动主义。在司法能动主义对解决争端具有绝对必要性时,法官需要对司法能动主义的授权范围予以澄清和限制。我国应灵活利用"建设性模糊"来解决国际问题与争端,并注意防备和化解其可能造成的负面影响。
[Abstract]:In international relations, the only feasible way to reach an international treaty or agreement is to form vague texts on complex or new topics. There are more participants in the negotiation of multilateral treaties, and it is necessary to have ambiguity and loopholes in the treaty text in order for the parties to reach consensus as soon as possible. " Constructive ambiguity is a highly politically intelligent technique for promoting consensus on complex and controversial issues in international relations. It could conceal the differences between the parties regarding the text of the treaty and leave room for the flexible development of a rule through interpretation and application. Although "constructive ambiguity" has various advantages in solving international problems, clarifying its content is extremely important to the settlement of related disputes. In international dispute settlement, judicial activism of judges is often criticized, but "constructive ambiguity" inevitably leads judges to a certain degree of judicial activism. When judicial activism is absolutely necessary to settle disputes, judges need to clarify and limit the scope of judicial activism. China should make flexible use of "constructive ambiguity" to solve international problems and disputes, and pay attention to guard against and resolve its possible negative effects.
【作者单位】：华东政法大学科学研究院;
【分类号】：D996.1

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