从国际司法裁决看有效控制规则的适用——兼论南沙群岛主权归属

发布时间：2018-09-01 17:04

【摘要】：近年来国际法院已多次适用有效控制规则来判决争议领土的主权归属,这使该规则日益受到各国及其学者的关注。从涉及有效控制规则的国际司法裁决来看,有效控制规则的产生及发展呈现出一个渐进的、逐渐成熟的过程。"以管理行为强弱作为判断争端领土主权归属主要依据"的有效控制规则,其构成要素包括"作为主权者而行为的意图"的主观要素和"实施有效的管理行为"的客观要素。该规则与有效占领规则之间虽然存在相似之处,但二者之间有根本的不同。现有国际司法裁决已清楚表明,有效控制规则在适用上并非任意的,而是要在领土所有者不明的前提下才可适用,而且受到一系列现有国际法概念的限制。就南沙群岛主权归属之争而言,一切证据均充分证明我国拥有南沙群岛的主权,系南沙群岛的合法所有者,有效控制规则不适用于南沙群岛问题,任何利用有效控制规则侵犯我国领土主权的理由均不能成立。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the International Court of Justice has applied the rule of effective control many times to judge the sovereignty of the disputed territory, which makes the rule more and more concerned by various countries and scholars. From the point of view of international judicial decisions concerning effective control rules, the emergence and development of effective control rules show a gradual and gradually mature process. " The rule of effective control is based on the strength of management behavior, which includes the subjective elements of "intention to act as a sovereign" and the objective element of "carrying out effective management behavior". Although there are similarities between this rule and the effective occupation rule, there are fundamental differences between them. Existing international judicial decisions have clearly shown that effective control rules are not arbitrary in their application, but can only be applied if the territorial owner is unknown and is subject to a series of existing concepts of international law. As far as the dispute over the sovereignty of the Spratly Islands is concerned, all the evidence fully proves that China has the sovereignty of the Spratly Islands and is the legitimate owner of the Spratly Islands, and the effective control rules do not apply to the issue of the Nansha Islands. Any use of effective control rules to violate our territorial sovereignty can not be justified.
【作者单位】：中山大学法学院;中山大学法学理论与法律实践研究中心;中山大学人权法研究中心;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金项目(04BFX058) 广东省社科规划项目(09G—04)
【分类号】：D993

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