涉外消费争议解决机制研究

发布时间：2018-10-08 21:56

【摘要】：随着全球化趋势的不断增强,中国经济逐渐融入世界统一大市场,涉外消费随处可见,消费争议亦随之呈明显增加趋势。由于各国经济政治、历史传统等方面的差异,各国有关消费者保护的国内实体法不尽相同,所以,对于同一涉外消费案件,会因适用不同国家法律产生结果不一的判决。消费者虽然已成为市场经济运行中不可或缺的市场主体,但是基于信息资源的不对称,经济力量和法律保护等方面所处的劣势地位,当消费者与经营者在涉外消费法律关系中发生争议时,消费者的合法权益往往会受到强势商人的不法侵害。同一涉外消费纠纷产生不同的结果,对消费者而言,可能不仅会对其造成困惑,而且会违反公平与正义,不利于保护消费者的合法权益。因此,为了给消费者提供充分有效的法律保护,有必要进一步研究涉外消费争议解决机制。我国有关涉外消费争议案件的解决,虽然消费者权益受到侵害的救济路径较多,但实际效果并不尽如人意,消费者的权益仍然无法得到公平救济。因此,必须在认真探讨这些传统的手段是否还适合解决当今消费纠纷的同时,借鉴国外消费争议解决的方式,根据我国的实际情况和消费纠纷的特点,以解决我国消费争议为目的,对消费争议解决机制进一步探讨,从而保障消费者的合法权益,尤其较之他国消费者时,确保我国消费者能被平等对待。关于涉外消费争议解决机制的研究,全文共分四个部分。第一部分,涉外消费争议及其解决机制概述。本部分以涉外消费的界定为切入点,分析涉外消费争议解决机制产生的原因、特点和渊源等,进而为涉外消费争端解决机制的构建提供理论基础。第二部分,我国涉外消费争议解决的现状和立法缺陷。随着经济全球化的发展,涉外民商事交往频繁,涉外消费争议与日俱增,我国面临着巨大挑战,因而有必要分析我国涉外消费争议解决机制的立法现状及其不足之处,如非诉机制和诉讼机制的缺陷以及我国产品责任相关立法的缺失,进而完善我国消费争议解决机制。第三部分,对主要国家的涉外消费争议解决机制比较研究。对当今主要国家(欧美)的消费争议解决机制的比较研究是从消费争议解决的司法途径(如小额诉讼法庭、集团诉讼等)和非司法途径(消费仲裁)入手,分析其特殊的消费争议解决机制。第四部分,国外消费争议解决机制对我国的启示。通过借鉴国外关于消费争议解决的经验,试图选择最有利于我国保护消费者权益的争议解决方式,如发展和完善我国涉外消费争议的非诉解决机制、建立健全的特殊涉外消费诉讼制度等,进而构建适合我国社会和谐发展的涉外消费争议解决机制,以期为以后相关理论的研究和实践提供一些有价值的参考意见。
[Abstract]:With the increasing trend of globalization, China's economy gradually melts into the world's unified market, foreign consumption can be seen everywhere, and consumption disputes are also obviously increasing. Due to the differences of economy, politics, history and tradition among different countries, the domestic substantive law on consumer protection is not the same. Therefore, for the same case involving foreign consumption, there will be different judgments due to the application of the laws of different countries. Although consumers have become an indispensable market subject in the operation of the market economy, but because of the asymmetry of information resources, the inferior position of economic power and legal protection, When there is a dispute between the consumer and the operator in the legal relationship concerning foreign consumption, the legitimate rights and interests of the consumer are often infringed upon by the powerful businessman. The same foreign consumption disputes have different results, which may not only cause confusion to consumers, but also violate fairness and justice, which is not conducive to protecting the legitimate rights and interests of consumers. Therefore, in order to provide sufficient and effective legal protection for consumers, it is necessary to further study the dispute settlement mechanism of foreign consumption. Although there are many remedy ways for consumers' rights and interests to be infringed, the actual effect is not satisfactory, and consumers' rights and interests still can not get fair relief. Therefore, we must seriously explore whether these traditional means are also suitable for resolving today's consumption disputes, and at the same time, draw lessons from the foreign consumption dispute resolution methods, according to the actual situation and characteristics of consumption disputes in our country. In order to solve the consumption disputes in China, this paper further discusses the mechanism of resolving consumption disputes, so as to protect the legitimate rights and interests of consumers, especially when compared with consumers in other countries, to ensure that consumers in our country can be treated equally. There are four parts in this paper. The first part is an overview of foreign consumption disputes and their settlement mechanism. This part takes the definition of foreign consumption as the breakthrough point, analyzes the reason, characteristics and origin of the dispute settlement mechanism, and then provides the theoretical basis for the construction of the foreign-related consumption dispute settlement mechanism. The second part, the current situation and legislative defects of foreign consumption dispute settlement in China. With the development of economic globalization, the foreign civil and commercial exchanges are frequent, and the foreign consumption disputes are increasing day by day. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the current legislative situation and the deficiencies of the foreign consumption dispute settlement mechanism in our country. Such as the defects of non-litigation mechanism and the absence of legislation related to product liability in our country, and then consummate the mechanism of consumer dispute resolution in China. The third part is a comparative study on the foreign consumption dispute settlement mechanism of major countries. The comparative study on the mechanism of consumer dispute settlement in the major countries (Europe and America) begins with the judicial approaches (such as small claims courts, class actions, etc.) and non-judicial channels (consumer arbitration). Analyze its special consumption dispute settlement mechanism. The fourth part, the foreign consumption dispute settlement mechanism to our country enlightenment. By using the experience of foreign countries for reference, this paper tries to choose the most favorable ways to solve the disputes in protecting the rights and interests of consumers in China, such as the development and improvement of the non-litigation settlement mechanism of foreign consumption disputes in China. In order to provide some valuable reference for the research and practice of related theories, we should set up a perfect system of consumption-related litigation and so on, and then construct a mechanism of resolving disputes concerning foreign consumption which is suitable for the harmonious development of our society.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D997.3

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