侵略罪管辖权问题研究

发布时间：2018-10-13 11:26

【摘要】：现代国家建立之初,国际社会对于国家对外使用武力并没有实质性的限制。然而,随着战争伤亡情况的不断恶化,这一现状也开始发生变化。第一次世界战后,国际联盟对其缔约国发动战争的权利进行了在程序上限制。此外,世界各国也逐渐达成共识决定废除战争作为推行其国家政策的合法工具。第二次世界大战后,国际社会通过纽伦堡和东京国际军事法庭对发动侵略战争的个人进行了审判,明确了侵略罪是国际法上的犯罪。随着国际法治的进一步发展,国际社会也意识到:必须建立一个常设的国际刑事法院以实现对国际犯罪的惩治,实现并践行国际正义,从而维持国际社会的和平与安全。为防止类似上个世纪两次世界大战悲剧的再次发生,国际社会构建了维系世界各国命运的联合国集体安全机制,在国际关系中确立了“禁止使用武力或武力相威胁”的原则,并赋予联合国各主要机关维护世界和平与安全的职责,从而对国家对外使用武力的行为做了进一步的限制。与此同时,联合国安理会也加强了与国际刑事法院建立建设性关系,以共同惩治那些严重威胁国际社会和平与安全的国际犯罪。2010年在罗马规约缔约国大会上通过了关于侵略罪的修正案,确定了侵略罪的定义以及法院对侵略罪行使管辖权的条件,这是国际社会为制止侵略行为、惩治侵略罪做出的又一重大的贡献。虽然联合国和国际刑事法院在实现维护世界和平与稳定、制止侵略行为方面都发挥了重要的作用,但是,作为这些国际组织成员,国家仍然是国际法最重要的主体。因此,国际社会应积极推进全球法治的进程,鼓励国家主动承担惩治侵略罪的义务,既要充分发挥国家管辖权的作用,也要防止与国际刑事法院的管辖权发生冲突,确保国际社会继续以人本精神预防和惩治侵略罪,以维护国际社会的和平与安全。为实现上述目的,最重要的是国家之间能够相互尊重各国的国家主权,用和平的方式解决彼此的争端。
[Abstract]:At the beginning of the modern state, the international community had no substantial restrictions on the use of force. However, as the war casualties continue to deteriorate, this status quo is also beginning to change. After the first World War, the League of Nations imposed procedural restrictions on the rights of its contracting States to wage war. In addition, countries around the world have come to a consensus to abolish war as a legitimate tool for pursuing their national policies. After the second World War, the international community tried the individual who launched the war of aggression through the Nuremberg and Tokyo International military Court, and made it clear that the crime of aggression is a crime in international law. With the further development of the international rule of law, the international community has also realized that it is necessary to establish a permanent international criminal court to punish international crimes, to realize and practice international justice, and to maintain peace and security in the international community. In order to prevent the recurrence of tragedies similar to those of the last century's two world wars, the international community has established a United Nations collective security mechanism that sustains the destiny of the nations of the world and has established in international relations the principle of "the prohibition of the use or threat of use of force", The principal organs of the United Nations have been entrusted with the responsibility of maintaining world peace and security, thus further restricting the use of force by countries abroad. At the same time, the United Nations Security Council has strengthened its constructive relationship with the International Criminal Court. With a view to jointly punishing international crimes that pose a serious threat to the peace and security of the international community. An amendment on the crime of aggression was adopted by the Assembly of States parties to the Rome Statute in 2010, establishing the definition of the crime of aggression and the conditions under which the Court may exercise jurisdiction over the crime of aggression, This is another major contribution made by the international community to stop acts of aggression and punish the crime of aggression. Although both the United Nations and the International Criminal Court have played an important role in the maintenance of world peace and stability and the suppression of acts of aggression, as members of these international organizations, the State remains the most important subject of international law. Accordingly, the international community should actively promote the process of the global rule of law and encourage States to take the initiative in assuming the obligation to punish the crime of aggression, both by giving full play to the role of national jurisdiction and by preventing conflicts with the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court, To ensure that the international community continues to prevent and punish the crime of aggression in a people-oriented spirit in order to maintain its peace and security. In order to achieve this goal, the most important thing is that States can respect each other's national sovereignty and settle their disputes in a peaceful manner.
【学位授予单位】：外交学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D997.9

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