论承认与执行外国法院判决中的程序公正
发布时间：2018-11-14 18:03
【摘要】：作为国际民事诉讼程序法的重要组成部分，外国法院判决的承认与执行是国际私法协助的一项重要内容。符合程序公正要求是外国法院判决得以承认与执行的必要条件之一。因此，各国和国际公约均以法律规范的形式明确了程序公正的内容，其重要程度可见一斑。然而，我国立法目前对其竟没有明确的规定。为此，本文在对程序公正概念界定明确的基础上，就程序公正原则在各国乃至国际的立法和实践加以探讨，并结合我国的现实状况，提出适合我国的建议。本文分为四部分： 第一部分：外国法院判决承认与执行及程序公正概述。首先阐释外国法院判决承认与执行的几个相关概念：一是外国法院的界定；二是判决的范围；三是承认与执行。随后简要介绍各国在承认与执行外国法院判决时，普遍采纳的各项条件，从中指出“程序公正”是一国法院在决定承认与执行外国法院判决时需要考虑的一个重要条件。其次，界定程序公正的内涵，并对程序公正原则的历史发展脉络进行梳理。最后，分析“欺诈例外”和“公共秩序”这两个概念与程序公正之间的内在联系。 第二部分：承认与执行外国法院判决中的程序公正之法律表现。总结了各国立法及国际公约中对程序公正原则的具体规定及相关解释。当事人是否得到了合法的送达和合理的辩护机会是程序公正普遍关注的对象。普通法系国家和大陆法系国家最明显的不同在于：普通法国家一般将欺诈事项归于程序公正范畴，而大陆法国家则以公共秩序例外护卫程序公正原则。而国际公约，尤其是2005年海牙《选择法院协议公约》对欺诈例外和程序性公共秩序都作了规定，体现了对各国法律制度的尊重。 第三部分：承认与执行外国法院判决中程序公正的司法实践。本部分通过几个经典案例的分析，提出了在司法实践中，法院在具体的案件中主要是审查诉讼文书的送达、欺诈情节以及程序性公共秩序例外。而适当送达一般是关注送达是否符合及时性要求、送达的诉讼文书是否包含必要的信息以及该文书提供的语言是否是当事人能够理解的。关于欺诈例外和公共秩序的适用，各国倾向于加以严格限制，，只有在当事人的诉讼权利受到严重侵害时方可援引。 第四部分：中国承认与执行外国法院判决之程序公正。结合我国的立法和司法实践，对我国承认与执行外国法院判决中的程序公正审查的现状进行分析，并对如何完善我国在该领域的立法提出了自己的见解。
[Abstract]:As an important part of international civil procedure law, the recognition and enforcement of foreign court judgments is an important part of private international law assistance. Meeting the requirements of procedural justice is one of the necessary conditions for the recognition and enforcement of foreign court decisions. Therefore, all countries and international conventions define the content of procedural justice in the form of legal norms, the importance of which can be seen. However, the legislation of our country at present does not have the explicit stipulation to it. Therefore, on the basis of defining the concept of procedural justice clearly, this paper probes into the legislation and practice of the principle of procedural justice in various countries and even international countries, and puts forward some suggestions suitable for our country according to the reality of our country. This paper is divided into four parts: the first part: an overview of the recognition and enforcement of foreign court judgments and procedural justice. This paper first explains several related concepts of the recognition and enforcement of foreign court judgments: first, the definition of foreign courts; second, the scope of judgments; and third, recognition and enforcement. Then it briefly introduces the conditions generally adopted by various countries in recognizing and enforcing the judgments of foreign courts, and points out that "procedural justice" is an important condition to be considered by the courts of a country in deciding to recognize and enforce the judgments of foreign courts. Secondly, define the connotation of procedural justice, and sort out the historical development of procedural justice principle. Finally, the relationship between the two concepts of "fraud exception" and "public order" and procedural justice is analyzed. The second part: the legal performance of procedural justice in the recognition and enforcement of foreign court decisions. This paper summarizes the specific provisions and related interpretations of the principle of procedural justice in national legislation and international conventions. Whether the litigant gets legal service and reasonable defense opportunity is the object of general concern about procedural justice. The most obvious difference between common law countries and civil law countries lies in the fact that common law countries generally attribute fraud matters to procedural justice, while civil law countries use the principle of public order exception to protect procedural justice. International conventions, especially the Hague Convention on the Choice of Court in 2005, provide for the exception of fraud and procedural public order, reflecting respect for the legal systems of various countries. The third part: the judicial practice of recognizing and enforcing the procedural justice in the judgment of foreign courts. Through the analysis of several classic cases, this part points out that in the judicial practice, the court mainly reviews the service of litigation documents, the circumstances of fraud and the exception of procedural public order in specific cases. The proper service is generally concerned about whether the service meets the requirement of timeliness, whether the service document contains the necessary information and whether the language provided by the document can be understood by the parties. With regard to the application of fraud exceptions and public order (ordre public), States tend to impose strict restrictions that can be invoked only if the litigants' rights are seriously infringed. Part IV: the procedural justice of China's recognition and enforcement of foreign court judgments. Combined with our country's legislation and judicial practice, this paper analyzes the current situation of procedural justice examination in the recognition and execution of foreign court judgments in China, and puts forward some opinions on how to perfect our legislation in this field.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D916.2
本文编号：2331899
[Abstract]:As an important part of international civil procedure law, the recognition and enforcement of foreign court judgments is an important part of private international law assistance. Meeting the requirements of procedural justice is one of the necessary conditions for the recognition and enforcement of foreign court decisions. Therefore, all countries and international conventions define the content of procedural justice in the form of legal norms, the importance of which can be seen. However, the legislation of our country at present does not have the explicit stipulation to it. Therefore, on the basis of defining the concept of procedural justice clearly, this paper probes into the legislation and practice of the principle of procedural justice in various countries and even international countries, and puts forward some suggestions suitable for our country according to the reality of our country. This paper is divided into four parts: the first part: an overview of the recognition and enforcement of foreign court judgments and procedural justice. This paper first explains several related concepts of the recognition and enforcement of foreign court judgments: first, the definition of foreign courts; second, the scope of judgments; and third, recognition and enforcement. Then it briefly introduces the conditions generally adopted by various countries in recognizing and enforcing the judgments of foreign courts, and points out that "procedural justice" is an important condition to be considered by the courts of a country in deciding to recognize and enforce the judgments of foreign courts. Secondly, define the connotation of procedural justice, and sort out the historical development of procedural justice principle. Finally, the relationship between the two concepts of "fraud exception" and "public order" and procedural justice is analyzed. The second part: the legal performance of procedural justice in the recognition and enforcement of foreign court decisions. This paper summarizes the specific provisions and related interpretations of the principle of procedural justice in national legislation and international conventions. Whether the litigant gets legal service and reasonable defense opportunity is the object of general concern about procedural justice. The most obvious difference between common law countries and civil law countries lies in the fact that common law countries generally attribute fraud matters to procedural justice, while civil law countries use the principle of public order exception to protect procedural justice. International conventions, especially the Hague Convention on the Choice of Court in 2005, provide for the exception of fraud and procedural public order, reflecting respect for the legal systems of various countries. The third part: the judicial practice of recognizing and enforcing the procedural justice in the judgment of foreign courts. Through the analysis of several classic cases, this part points out that in the judicial practice, the court mainly reviews the service of litigation documents, the circumstances of fraud and the exception of procedural public order in specific cases. The proper service is generally concerned about whether the service meets the requirement of timeliness, whether the service document contains the necessary information and whether the language provided by the document can be understood by the parties. With regard to the application of fraud exceptions and public order (ordre public), States tend to impose strict restrictions that can be invoked only if the litigants' rights are seriously infringed. Part IV: the procedural justice of China's recognition and enforcement of foreign court judgments. Combined with our country's legislation and judicial practice, this paper analyzes the current situation of procedural justice examination in the recognition and execution of foreign court judgments in China, and puts forward some opinions on how to perfect our legislation in this field.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D916.2
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