试论南极生物勘探中的软法因素
发布时间：2018-11-18 19:15
【摘要】：无论是在近来的国际法实践还是理论研究中，软法都是引人注目的现象。国际法中的软法是不具有法律约束力但又能产生一定法律效果的行为规则。相对硬法而言，软法在制定主体、缔约程序和实施机制上更具有灵活性和自由度。软法本身是一种协议，“诚实信用”和“禁止反言”这些履行协议的基本原则同样适用于软法。软法之所以能够产生实际法律效果，是因为它代表着维护人类共同利益的诉求。软法可以通过内部监督、价值指引或者舆论压力等方式产生非法律性的约束力。软法在处理涉及人类利益、具有高度共识又复杂敏感问题上的优越性使它与南极生物勘探这一主题发生了关联。南极生物勘探与南极资源权属争议、生物多样性、环境保护、知识产权等问题交织，具有特殊性和复杂性。面对层出不穷的新问题，南极条约体系公约加议定书的硬法体系受到挑战。南极条约协商会议主动创制决议形式的软法，既延续现有法律的精神又引入新的议题，并依靠协商会议共识推动了南极生物勘探国际法治理的进程。南极条约协商会议的软法实践表明，软法有助于确立人类共同利益至上的价值信念，扩大了南极生物勘探立法的参与主体。软法能够弥合现有法律制度的分歧，推进立法进程，有助于缓和主权国家间的利益冲突，促进国际合作。软法在南极生物勘探国际法治理中有着积极作用。
[Abstract]:Both in recent international law practice and theoretical research, soft law is a noticeable phenomenon. Soft law in international law is a kind of behavior rule which is not legally binding but can produce certain legal effect. Compared with hard law, soft law has more flexibility and freedom in making subject, contracting procedure and implementing mechanism. Soft law itself is a kind of agreement, and the basic principles of "good faith" and "estoppel" are also applicable to soft law. The reason why soft law can produce practical legal effect is that it represents the demand of safeguarding the common interests of mankind. Soft law can produce non-legal binding force through internal supervision, value guidance or public opinion pressure. The superiority of soft law in dealing with human interests, high consensus and complex and sensitive issues makes it related to the subject of Antarctic bioprospecting. Antarctic bioprospecting and Antarctic resource ownership disputes, biodiversity, environmental protection, intellectual property rights and other issues intertwined, with particularity and complexity. In the face of emerging new problems, the Antarctic Treaty system Convention plus Protocol hard law system is challenged. The initiative of the Antarctic Treaty Consultative meeting to create the soft law in the form of resolution not only extends the spirit of the existing laws but also introduces new topics and relies on the consensus of the Consultative Conference to promote the process of governing the international law of Antarctic bioprospecting. The practice of soft law in Antarctic Treaty Consultative Conference shows that soft law is helpful to establish the value belief that the common interests of mankind are supreme and expands the participation subject of Antarctic bioprospecting legislation. Soft law can bridge the existing legal system, promote the legislative process, help to ease the conflict of interest between sovereign states, and promote international cooperation. Soft law plays an active role in the governance of Antarctic bioprospecting international law.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D99
[Abstract]:Both in recent international law practice and theoretical research, soft law is a noticeable phenomenon. Soft law in international law is a kind of behavior rule which is not legally binding but can produce certain legal effect. Compared with hard law, soft law has more flexibility and freedom in making subject, contracting procedure and implementing mechanism. Soft law itself is a kind of agreement, and the basic principles of "good faith" and "estoppel" are also applicable to soft law. The reason why soft law can produce practical legal effect is that it represents the demand of safeguarding the common interests of mankind. Soft law can produce non-legal binding force through internal supervision, value guidance or public opinion pressure. The superiority of soft law in dealing with human interests, high consensus and complex and sensitive issues makes it related to the subject of Antarctic bioprospecting. Antarctic bioprospecting and Antarctic resource ownership disputes, biodiversity, environmental protection, intellectual property rights and other issues intertwined, with particularity and complexity. In the face of emerging new problems, the Antarctic Treaty system Convention plus Protocol hard law system is challenged. The initiative of the Antarctic Treaty Consultative meeting to create the soft law in the form of resolution not only extends the spirit of the existing laws but also introduces new topics and relies on the consensus of the Consultative Conference to promote the process of governing the international law of Antarctic bioprospecting. The practice of soft law in Antarctic Treaty Consultative Conference shows that soft law is helpful to establish the value belief that the common interests of mankind are supreme and expands the participation subject of Antarctic bioprospecting legislation. Soft law can bridge the existing legal system, promote the legislative process, help to ease the conflict of interest between sovereign states, and promote international cooperation. Soft law plays an active role in the governance of Antarctic bioprospecting international law.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D99
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