“保护的责任”的规范属性及其所塑造的治理结构

发布时间：2019-07-09 11:07

【摘要】：在基本人权保护的全球治理中,"保护的责任"的规范属性与地位需要从主权国家和国际社会这两个层面分别考察和确定。就主权国家所承担的首要责任而言,该责任依托既有的条约与习惯法在总体上属于具有明确法律约束力的义务。就国际社会所承担的补充保护责任而言,目前尚没有任何国际条约或习惯国际法将其确认为是具有约束力的法律义务。同时,补充保护责任也难以成为人权保护全球治理中的软法义务规范。在目前的条件下,在国际社会所承担的补充保护责任方面不太可能形成法律义务规范,目前所能形成的只能是一种特殊的政治、道义上的义务。总之,"保护的责任"所构建和推进的基本人权保护全球治理模式并不是一种自上而下的硬性的规则治理,而是在国家和国际社会层面形成了一种复合型的治理结构、进程和方法。通过硬法、软法以及政治、道义原则、规范的确立和综合运用,形成一种开放的动态的结构与进程,从而使基本人权保护的各种问题及其所面临的矛盾冲突等可以得到不断的调整平衡与协商解决。
[Abstract]:In the global governance of basic human rights protection, the normative attribute and status of "responsibility to protect" need to be investigated and determined from the two levels of sovereign state and international community. As far as the primary responsibility of sovereign States is concerned, this responsibility depends on existing treaties and customary law, which is generally a clear legally binding obligation. As far as the complementary responsibility to protect assumed by the international community is concerned, there is currently no international treaty or customary international law that recognizes it as a binding legal obligation. At the same time, it is difficult to supplement the responsibility to protect as a soft law obligation norm in the global governance of human rights protection. Under the current conditions, the complementary responsibility to protect assumed by the international community is unlikely to form the norms of legal obligations, but only a special political and moral obligation can be formed at present. In a word, the global governance model of basic human rights protection constructed and promoted by the responsibility to protect is not a top-down rigid rule governance, but a compound governance structure, process and method at the national and international levels. Through the establishment and comprehensive application of hard law, soft law, political and moral principles and norms, an open and dynamic structure and process can be formed, so that various problems of basic human rights protection and the contradictions and conflicts they face can be constantly adjusted, balanced and negotiated.
【作者单位】：南京审计大学法学院;
【基金】：国家社科基金项目“我国政府参与全球性治理若干法律问题研究”(10BFX098)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：D992

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