快递服务合同违约责任研究

发布时间：2018-01-08 20:09

本文关键词：快递服务合同违约责任研究　出处：《西南政法大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：社会经济迅速发展，快递行业日渐成熟，随之而来的是快递服务合同纠纷日益突出。虽有《邮政法》《快递服务国家标准》以及《合同法》运输合同一章中的相关规定，但是司法实践中对于快递服务纠纷的处理仍旧没有统一的判案标准，甚至针对同一争议焦点的裁判结果都大相径庭。要解决快递服务纠纷中的种种问题，必须厘清其中的法律关系，明确纠纷当事人之间的权利义务关系，完善相应的法律制度，更好地规范快递服务中的各个环节。文章从快递服务合同的性质与效力着手，分析其违约责任的相关问题，着重论述快递服务违约赔偿责任的归责原则、构成要件、免责事由以及具体赔偿标准，试图构建出一个较为完整、清晰的赔偿责任体系。除了引言外，文章由四部分构成：第一部分，快递服务合同的性质与效力。快递服务合同是指寄件人与快递服务组织之间签订的由快递服务组织在承诺的时限内将寄件人交付的物品快速寄递给特定收件人的合同。从现行法来看，快递服务合同属于合同分则中的货物运输合同；从民法理论来看，除寄件人即为收件人的情形外，快递服务合同属于第三人利益合同。故快递服务合同当事人之间的权利义务关系应当符合货物运输合同和第三人利益合同的相关法律规定和民法理论。第二部分，快递服务合同违约责任的构成。这部分主要从快递服务合同违约责任的归责原则入手，从而进一步探讨快递服务合同违约损害赔偿责任的构成要件。最后根据《合同法》对货运合同违约责任的三类免责事由的规定，即寄递物品本身的自然性质或合理损耗、不可抗力、寄件人或收件人的过错，对应论述快递服务合同违约责任。第三部分，快递服务合同中限制赔偿问题。通过对保价运输的国内外立法介绍，分析保价运输虽作为运输合同的一大特点，但在目前我国快递服务合同中运用保价制度并不公平合理。快递运单即为快递服务合同，快递运单从性质上来讲是由快递服务组织拟定的格式合同，其中均包括限制其损害赔偿责任的条款，，按照《合同法》对格式条款的相关规定来认定，限额赔偿条款应为无效条款。第四部分，完善快递服务合同违约责任制度的建议。快递服务合同的违约责任形式包括继续履行、采取补救措施、违约金、赔偿损失等。结合司法实践中的主要争议点，文章着重论述赔偿损失这一违约责任承担形式，并结合违约损害赔偿规则进行论述，试图提出快递服务合同中四种常见违约行为的损害赔偿数额的确定方法，以期为司法实践提供切实可行的建议。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the social economy and the maturity of express delivery industry , the contract dispute of express service is becoming more and more prominent . Although there are no uniform case standards for the handling of express service disputes in the judicial practice , it is necessary to clarify the legal relationship between the parties , clarify the relationship between the parties ' rights and obligations , perfect the corresponding legal system , and better regulate the links in express service . Starting with the nature and effectiveness of express service contract , this paper analyzes the relevant problems of the liability of breach of contract , and focuses on the principle of liability for breach of contract liability of express delivery service , the constitutive requirements , the disclaimers and the specific compensation standard , and tries to construct a more complete and clear liability system . Besides the introduction , the article consists of four parts : First part , the nature and effectiveness of express service contract . The express service contract refers to the contract between the sender and the express service organization . The express service contract belongs to the contract of the special recipient . From the current law , the express service contract belongs to the contract of the third party ' s interest . Therefore , the relationship between the rights and obligations between the parties of the express service contract should be in accordance with the relevant legal provisions and the civil law theory of the contract of goods transportation and the third party ' s interest . The second part is the composition of the contract liability of the express service contract . This part mainly starts with the principle of liability for breach of contract of express service contract , and further discusses the constitutive requirements of the liability for breach of contract of express service contract . In the third part , the limitation of the compensation in the express service contract is limited . By introducing the domestic and foreign legislation on the transportation of premium , the paper analyzes that the premium transportation is a major characteristic of the contract , but it is not fair and reasonable to apply the premium system in the express service contract . In the fourth part , the suggestion of perfecting the contract liability system of express service contract is perfected . The form of liability for breach of contract of express delivery includes continuing performance , remedial measures , liquidated damages , compensation losses , etc . In combination with the principal dispute points in judicial practice , the article focuses on the liability assumption for breach of contract and discusses the compensation amount of four common default behaviors in express service contract , with a view to providing practical advice for judicial practice .

【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.296;D923.6

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