论第三人侵害合同债权的侵权法规制

发布时间：2018-01-19 12:14

本文关键词： 债权不可侵性制度价值构成要件免责事由　出处：《西南政法大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：合同债权的侵权法保护问题一直是民法学界长期争论的问题。由于受到债权相对性理论以及绝对权和相对权划分的理论影响。债权一直被作为一种不具有公开性的权利而被排除在侵权法的保护范围之外。而对第三人侵害合同债权予以规制的英美法国家的判例最初出现以后，越来越多的国家日益复杂的债权侵害关系中，展开了对债权侵害行为的规制。我国在一些零散的立法中，虽然能看到关于第三人侵害合同债权制度的影子，但始终都未实现债权侵权法保护的完整制度构建。随着经济社会的不断发展，不正当竞争和多种多样的债权侵害的出现。该制度在我国的对于债权人的利益以及市场有序运行环境的构建都具有极大的意义。该制度得以构建的现实基础已经愈发成熟。本文除引言和结语，共分为五章内容：第一章简要论述该制度的起源以及在理论界对于“第三人侵害合同债权”的概念界定以及一般理论。第二章主要通过域外法律对于第三人侵害合同债权或妨害合同履行的相关规定的介绍，对于我国如何建立第三人侵害合同债权制度进行了探索比较。在域外法中现存的许多相关制度都是值得借鉴的。本章主要是针对一些具有典型代表意义的国家的现行规定进行了总结分析。本文欲将论述的重点放在以下两章内容上：第三章主要立足于我国的立法以及社会现状，论述了我国第三人侵害合同债权的侵权法保护设立的必要性和理论基础，制度价值和实践意义。首先，提出了目前存在于我国理论界的，对于第三人侵害合同债权制度的不同学说观点，主要有肯定说和否定说两种观点。其次又从三方面论述了构建第三人侵害合同债权制度的理论基础。主要包括对于否定说之合同相对性理由的反驳，债权不可侵性和债权物权化，债权财产特性的论述。最后又在以上论述的基础上，结合我国司法实践的实际情况提出了建立该制度的制度价值和意义。有利于保护市场经济中的交易安全，有利于维护债权人利益，也有利于我国未来民法体系的完善和进步。第四章主要是从制度设立的角度，具体的阐述了我国第三人侵害合同债权制度的地位，构成要素，责任形式以及具体的责任承担方式。本章首先提出了，，将对于第三人侵害合同债权的规制的意义，已经将合同债权利益纳入侵权法领域进行保护的必要性；其次，从第三人侵害合同债权制度的构成要素出发，展开对比，并且从中引出了本文观点，介绍了笔者认为第三人侵害合同债权的责任承担应当具有的严格的要素构成；最后，对于第三人侵害合同债权的所表现出来具体的侵权类型，以及责任承担方式和分配办法、免责事由具体根据本文观点，进行了论述。最后再次进行了总结，提出了自己的结论。最后第五章，文章主要是提出了在建立侵权法对于合同债权的保护在制度中，应当要注意的是不能过度的使得侵权法在合同法领域的过度扩张。过度的扩张会导致民法领域之间界限的模糊以及危害对于整个有序的民法体系构建，这是在建立第三人侵害合同债权制度中要注意的问题。
[Abstract]:The problem of tort law protection of contract creditor's rights is civil law has long been a controversial issue. Due to the relativity of creditor's rights and the theory of absolute right and relative right division theory. Creditor's rights has been as a kind of do not have the right to publicity and were excluded from the scope of protection in the tort law. After the Anglo American countries on the third people infringementcontractdebt regulate the case first appeared, more and more countries against the complex creditor relationship, the regulation of the creditor's rights violations. In some of China's fragmented legislation, although can see on the third party system of contract creditor's rights of the shadow, but always did not achieve a complete system of creditor's rights the tort law protection construction. With the development of social economy, unfair competition and a variety of violating creditor's rights. The system in our country for the interests of the creditors to The construction of the orderly running environment of the market is of great significance. The realistic foundation of the system has become more mature.
In addition to the introduction and conclusion, is divided into five chapters: the first chapter briefly discusses the origin of the system as well as in the theoretical circles for the concept of "third infringementcontractdebt" definition and general theory. The second chapter mainly through the relevant provisions of foreign laws for the third person infringement contract debt or harms the performance of the contract is introduced for how does our country establish infringementcontractdebt system probes third people. Many related systems existing in law are valuable. This chapter is mainly on the existing provisions of some typical countries were summarized and analyzed.
This paper will focus on the following two chapters: the third chapter law and social status based on our country, discusses the necessity and theoretical basis of tort law protection of China's third infringementcontractdebt establishment, system value and practical significance. Firstly, put forward the current exist in our country in theory, the third infringementcontractdebt system of different theories, mainly has positive and negative two points of view. Secondly, from three aspects discusses the theoretical basis of constructing the third infringementcontractdebt system. Including the contract or said the relativity of the reason that the inviolability of creditor's right and property claims, creditor property characteristics discussed. Finally based on the above discussion, combined with the actual situation of China's judicial practice put forward the establishment of system of value and significance and is conducive to the protection of the market. The security of transactions, is conducive to safeguarding the interests of creditors, but also conducive to the improvement and progress of our country's future civil law system. The fourth chapter is mainly from the perspective of system establishment, specific elaborated on China's third infringementcontractdebt system status, elements, responsibility type and specific responsibility. Chapter third presents, for violation of contract creditor's rights regulation has the meaning of contract creditor's rights interests into the necessity of tort law protection; secondly, the elements of infringementcontractdebt system from third people of comparative, and drawn from the viewpoint of this article, the author thinks that the third party is introduced the contract claims of responsibility should have strict elements; finally, the third infringementcontractdebt exhibited by the specific type of infringement, and accountability. On the basis of the view of this article, the disclaimer and the method of disclaimer are discussed. Finally, the conclusion is put forward and the conclusion is put forward.
The last fifth chapters, this paper is mainly made in the establishment of tort law for the creditor's rights protection in the system, should pay attention to is not over the excessive expansion of tort law in the field of contract law. The excessive expansion will lead to the boundary of civil law between fields fuzzy and harm for the whole orderly civil law system construction, the is to pay attention to in establishing the third person infringement contract debt problems in the system.

【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D923.6

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