债权人撤销权在日本债权法修改中的讨论及其对我国立法的启示

发布时间：2018-01-20 03:49

本文关键词： 债权人撤销权日本债权法修改论点　出处：《中国社会科学院研究生院》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：债权人撤销权制度最早起源于古罗马法的破产撤销权制度，由于行使撤销权必须由债权人向法院起诉，由法院作出撤销债务人行为的判决才能发生撤销的效果，因此，撤销权又被称为撤销诉权或废罢诉权。这项制度后为德国、日本等许多大陆法系国家所继受。中国于1999年出台的《中华人民共和国合同法》第74条、75条中正式确立了债权人撤销权，它在我国社会主义市场经济发展过程中，为维护一般债权人的合法债权，维护交易安全，防止债务人采取种种不正当的行为逃避债务，维护公平、诚信的市场经济秩序，发挥了重要而不可替代的作用。但是，债权人撤销制度在中国的确立时间毕竟比其他大陆法系国家，如德国、日本迟了百年有余，这些国家的理论和实践的发展以及经验教训势必可以给我国法学及法律实践予以启示，正所谓“他山之石可以攻玉”。笔者正是基于这种认识，拟通过对此次日本民法典修改中的债权人撤销权部分论点进行整理，讨论和探索对完善我国债权人撤销权制度的启示。本论文共分四个部分。具体如下：第一部分：债权人撤销权概述。主要介绍债权人撤销权的概念、各国有关该制度的规定，特别是构成撤销权的要件以及撤销权性质四学说（即请求权说、形成权说、折中说和责任说）。第二部分：日本债权法修改中的债权人撤销权。介绍此次日本民法大规模修改的背景、修改债权人撤销权制度的理由、最新修改草案的主要内容，进而对修改论点进行整理、讨论。第三部分：中国债权人撤销权制度的现状和不足。分析我国债权人撤销权制度现状及不足。不足之处主要有四个方面，分别是撤销权保护的对象、撤销的效力、撤销权的要件以及撤销权的诉讼当事人的地位问题。第四部分：日本债权法修改中债权人撤销权的启示。一是在总结日本债权法修改中各论点的基础上，分析可供完善我国债权人撤销权制度参考的地方。特别对转得人的地位、转得人的诈害行为行使要件和行使撤销权债权人的优先受偿权利进行分析。二是就完善我国债权人撤销权制度提出建议。主要是在进一步探讨债权人撤销权中的优先受偿的基础上，就撤销权的主体范围提出自己的观点，并建议在民事诉讼法中对撤销诉讼中的当事人地位作出具体的规定。
[Abstract]:The system of creditor's right of rescission originates from the system of bankruptcy revocation of ancient Roman law. Because the right of rescission must be sued by the creditor to the court, the court can make the judgment of revoking the debtor's behavior before it can have the effect of rescission. Therefore, the right of rescission is also called the right of revocation or the right of strike. Japan and many other civil law countries have been followed. In Article 74 (75) of the contract Law of the people's Republic of China promulgated in 1999, China formally established the right of revocation of creditors. In the course of the development of socialist market economy in our country, in order to maintain the legal creditor's rights of the general creditor, to maintain the transaction security, to prevent the debtor from taking all sorts of improper behavior to evade the debt, and to maintain the fairness. Honest market economy order, played an important and irreplaceable role. However, the creditor revocation system in China has been established more than 100 years later than other civil law countries, such as Germany and Japan. The development of the theory and practice and the experience and lessons of these countries are bound to enlighten the law and legal practice of our country. Based on this understanding, the author intends to sort out some arguments of creditor's right of rescission in the revision of Japanese Civil Code, and to discuss and explore the enlightenment to perfect the system of creditor's revocation right in our country. This thesis is divided into four parts. The first part: the outline of creditor's right of rescission. It mainly introduces the concept of creditor's right of rescission, the provisions of this system in various countries, especially the elements that constitute the right of rescission and the four theories of nature of the right of rescission (that is, the theory of right of claim). Formation right theory, eclectic theory and responsibility theory. The second part: the creditor's right of rescission in the amendment of Japanese creditor's rights law. It introduces the background of this large-scale revision of Japanese civil law, the reasons for modifying creditor's revocation right system, and the main contents of the latest revised draft. Then to revise the argument to organize, discuss. The third part: the present situation and the insufficiency of the creditor's revocation right system in China. It analyzes the present situation and the insufficiency of the creditor's revocation right system in China. There are four main deficiencies, which are the object of the revocation right protection. The effect of revocation, the elements of revocation and the status of litigant. Part 4th: the enlightenment of obligee's right of rescission in the amendment of Japanese creditor's rights law. First, on the basis of summing up the arguments in the amendment of Japanese creditor's rights law. Analysis of the system of creditor rescission rights in China for reference, especially on the status of the transfer. The second is to put forward some suggestions on perfecting the system of cancellation right of creditors in our country, mainly in the further discussion of the cancellation right of creditors. On a priority basis. The author puts forward his own views on the scope of the subject of the right of rescission, and proposes to make specific provisions on the status of the parties in the revocation proceedings in the Civil procedure Law.
【学位授予单位】：中国社会科学院研究生院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D923

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