论我国买卖合同标的物的风险转移

发布时间：2018-01-20 01:20

本文关键词： 风险转移交付主义标的物特定化　出处：《湖南师范大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：风险是一个内涵丰富的概念,常被用作多个领域,经济学上的风险是指某种不利事件或损失发生的概率及其后果的函数。即指人们因对未来行为的决策及客观条件的不确定性而可能引起的后果与预定目标发生多种偏离的综合。在合同法上,从广义上来讲,非正常的损失被称为风险,一方面是指可以归责于合同一方或双方的事由所导致的各种损失,同时不可归责于合同双方当事人的事由所导致的损失也可以被称为广义上的风险。从狭义上来讲,风险仅仅是指不可归责于双方的事由所造成的非正常损失。合同标的物风险是规定标的物毁损、灭失时,风险由谁承担的问题,是风险负担的重要内容之一,在买卖法中具有特别重要的意义。在海牙货物买卖会议设立的专门委员会起草《国际货物买卖统一法公约》时,专门委员会就在其报告中指出,“风险负担问题是公约起草者遇到的最须严肃对待的问题。”学者冯大同认为：“买卖法的目的就在于把基于合同关系所产生的各种损失的风险在当事人之间分配,对于可归责于买卖双方当事人事由所导致的风险,一般根据违约责任制度对风险进行分配,对于不可归责于双方的风险,又分为履行困难的风险和履行不能的风险,在英美法系国家,这两种风险均有合同落空制度来规定。在大陆法系国家,履行困难的风险一般运用情事变更原则来对风险进行分配；对于履行不能的风险,一般采用风险负担规则来进行风险的分配。随着经济的日趋发展,各国之间的贸易往来不断加深,各国、国际组织对对外贸易相关的法律都十分重视,相关国际公约和贸易惯例对风险负担规则做了详细的规定。大多数国家也制定了具体的规定,对标的物风险转移的规则进行了详细的规定。我国1999年生效的《中国人民共和国合同法》,在买卖合同一章对货物风险转移做了详细规定的同时,我国学界对买卖合同标的物风险转移的相关法条存在不同的意见和建议。同时,在实施过程中,标的物风险转移的规定也存在一些不合理的情况,因此对买卖合同标的物的风险转移制度进行比较研究,取各个制度之间的优点,为我国合同法所借鉴,对进一步完善我国合同法制度有重要的实际意义。
[Abstract]:Risk is a concept of rich connotation , often used as a plurality of fields . The risk in economics is a function of the probability of a certain adverse event or loss and its consequences . In the contract law , the non - normal loss is called the risk . On the one hand , the loss caused by the non - normal loss can also be referred to as the risk in the broad sense . In the narrow sense , the risk refers only to the non - normal loss caused by the incident caused by both parties . The article points out that " the problem of risk burden is the most serious problem encountered by the author of the Convention " . In the countries of the Continental Law system , the risk is divided into the risk of implementation difficulty and the risk that the performance cannot be performed . In the countries of the Continental Law system , the risk of performing the difficulty is generally assigned to the risk . In the countries of the Continental Law system , the risk is usually allocated by the risk burden rule . With the development of economy and the growing trade between countries , the international organizations attach great importance to the laws of foreign trade , and the relevant international conventions and trade practices have made detailed provisions on the rules of risk transfer . At the same time , in the course of implementation , there are some unreasonable conditions for the transfer of the risks of the subject matter .

【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D923.6

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